4 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



and have hitherto displayed a strong repugnance to mixing with 

 their Spanish and Portuguese neighbors. Roads have lately been 

 pushed into the district inhabited by these " Jurdes," and they 

 are beginning to learn the Castilian language and attend the fairs 

 and markets. 



Some disused rock-hewn dwellings are mentioned in Meyer's 

 Guide-Book as existing near the ancient Klusberg in the Hartz 



Fig. 10. Cave Dwellings near Langenstein, in the Hartz Mountains. 



drawing by E. Krell.) 



(From a 







Mountains. Herr E. Krell describes in a German periodical a 

 group of such dwellings, now inhabited, near the village of Lang- 

 enstein in the same region. There are some twenty of them, 

 each furnished with a door and a window, and inhabited alto- 

 gether by about forty persons. The oldest of them was made 



about thirty years ago, by a 

 poor, newly married couple who 

 found the conditions of life in 

 the village too hard. It was 

 gradually enlarged, by patient 

 excavation in the rock, until it 

 has been made a comfortable 

 and convenient dwelling. The 

 house has a neatly kept en- 

 trance, with a hallway, a liv- 

 ing-room on the right, in which 

 is the only window, a bedroom 

 on the left of the hall ; in the 

 rear a spacious store-room on 

 the left, and a kitchen with a 

 fireplace on the right; and be- 

 hind the kitchen another bedroom. The chimney is carried up 

 through the roof, and where it comes out above the surface of the 

 ground is well guarded with a wall of stones. Although the back 

 rooms are not directly lighted from without, they receive sufficient 



Fig. 



11. Plan of a Cave Dwelling near 

 Langenstein. 



