212 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



actments. The success of this aim will, of course, depend upon 

 the intelligence and moral development of the citizens of a given 

 community. The liberation of the individual his increasing 

 ability to secure the satisfactions consequent upon the free and 

 orderly use of all his faculties will proceed pari passu with his 

 increasing dependence on the co-operative labors of his fellows. 

 The processes of social differentiation go on hand in hand with 

 the tendencies to social integration. As occupations become more 

 diversified, the individual acquires greater skill in his special 

 vocation ; he produces a greater amount of wealth, and thus con- 

 duces more to the well-being of society, as well as, under a prop- 

 erly regulated system of labor, to his own personal well-being. 

 Fewer hours of labor are requisite to insure a livelihood, as labor 

 becomes differentiated and automatic; more time may be be- 

 stowed upon general culture, social intercourse, and the service of 

 the commonwealth upon the development, in short, of that full- 

 ness of life which constitutes the ideal of a perfect manhood. 



In wisely serving himself, the individual is thus rendering a 

 greater service to society ; and this, in turn, inures to his own 

 roundabout development. Egoism is thus purged of its excesses, 

 and made to promote the general well-being. This, in turn, con- 

 duces to the highest individual prosperity and culture. In the 

 proper equilibration of egoistic and altruistic motives in the gov- 

 ernment of conduct, all conflict between these motives ceases. In 

 wisely serving his neighbor man renders the truest service to 

 himself, and vice versa. Thus society integrates by a natural 

 process of growth, obedient to laws which are operative in the 

 evolution of all living things ; and its ultimate form constitutes 

 a real brotherhood of consent, instead of a militant organization 

 consolidated by external coercion. 



+ 



WANTED A RAILWAY COURT OF LAST RESORT. 



By APPLETON MOKGAN. 



WHILE the debates in Congress which resulted in the pas- 

 sage of the act to regulate interstate commerce were in 

 progress, and during the first few months of the enforcement and 

 interpretation of that act, I contributed to The Popular Science 

 Monthly a series of criticisms of that act and of its policy. 



To me, and to thousands of others, the policy of the act seemed 

 un-American and paternal ; or, if not un-American and paternal, 

 then a policy which could and should be applied to other than the 

 transportation industry to places of public amusement, or to 

 professional pursuits, to the business of the physician or the law- 



