2 6o THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



from eight annas to one rupee apiece. In this case, the tigers 

 were the first aggressors by carrying off cattle. But it seems evi- 

 dent that there exists no a priori reason, founded in natural an- 

 tipathy, why man and animals, if we could reconstruct a " state 

 of nature " in which we could put civilized, not savage man, should 

 not dwell together in profound peace, or at least in such peace as 

 obtains between accidental neighbors. The only ground for quar- 

 rel that seems inevitable is the everlasting one between the shep- 

 herd and the wolf ; and that, after all, is a question not of preju- 

 dice, but of property. TJie Spectator. 



** 



SKETCH OF WILLIAM HUGGINS. 



DOCTOR HUGGINS is one of the leaders in the modern meth- 

 ods of astronomical research, and his name is associated 

 with a considerable proportion of the discoveries that have been 

 made respecting the constitution of the sun, stars, and nebulae, 

 and with the results in general of the application of physical in- 

 vestigations and of spectroscopic observation in particular to the 

 heavenly bodies. 



William Huggins was born in London, February 7, 1824. 

 He received his early education in the City of London School, and 

 continued his studies in mathematics, the classics, and modern 

 languages under private tutors. He devoted much time to ex- 

 periments in natural philosophy, and by the aid of the appa- 

 ratus which he collected he gained practical knowledge of the 

 elements of the chief branches of physical science, including 

 chemistry, electricity, and magnetism. He also studied, using the 

 microscope, animal and vegetable physiology, and became in 

 1852 a member of the Microscopic Society. He developed a par- 

 ticular interest in astronomy, and, " under great difficulties," says 

 one of the earlier biographies in Men of the Time, while still re- 

 siding in the metropolis with his parents, " observed the planets 

 and some of the double stars between the chimneys of London." 

 The erection of an observatory in 1855, at his residence at Upper 

 Tulse Hill, which he supplied with good instruments, gave him 

 better opportunities for observation ; and in 1858 he had an Alvan 

 Clark telescope of eight inches aperture, mounted equatorially. 

 He occupied himself here for some time with observation of double 

 stars, and with careful drawings of the planets Mars, Jupiter, and 

 Saturn. In the light of the knowledge gained in his physical 

 studies he was not satisfied to follow in the beaten track of ob- 

 servation, but sought to broaden the field of study, and inquire as 

 far as possible into the physical qualities of the sun and stars. A 



