5 i6 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



and bean plants for comparison. These two seedlings, because 

 representing the two great types of flowering plants, namely, the 

 exogens and endogens, made it possible to illustrate the leading 

 features of each by contrast. Sketches and descriptions of these 

 were made during the hour by each pupil. Recognizing the fact 



that seeds come from flowers, and that the 

 time for the course was short, a half-hour was 

 spent in the study of a very simple flower, the 

 spring lily (Erythronium americanum). For 

 this purpose a blank was provided, shown in 

 part in Fig. 1, and before the session was 

 through the various parts of a blossom were 

 learned. Similar blanks were given the pupil 

 for home study, and, before leaving, each was 

 handed a box containing five kinds of seeds 

 namely, corn, bean, flax, clover, and timothy 

 with directions for sowing in a box or flower- 

 pot for individual home study. In addition 

 to this the first twenty pages of Gray's Re- 

 vised Lessons were assigned for study. The 

 public library of the city was equipped with 

 a full list of reference-books in botany at the 

 beginning of the course. 



The second lecture embraced a considera- 

 tion of the stem and root. The chief differ- 

 ences between these two plant-members were 

 pointed out and illustrated with specimens. 

 Buds, as to their nature, structure, arrange- 

 ment, etc., were dwelt upon, followed by many 

 illustrations of various kinds of stems, such 

 as tendrils, spines, and numerous forms of 

 subterranean stems, like potato tubers, bulbs, 

 and root-stocks of many plants. Various kinds 

 of roots were shown, particular attention be- 

 ing paid to the functions of these underground 

 portions, followed by an exposition of the way 

 in which the soil constituents are taken up 

 by plants. 



The first half of the class exercise of the 

 second day was occupied with a study of the 

 buds of the horse-chestnut, in connection with 

 more advanced specimens of the same species in which the buds 

 have unfolded, and the scales, leaves, and flower-cluster were fully 

 shown. After drawings were made of these, and a study of the 

 corn-stem to illustrate the second type of stem (endogen), the re- 

 maining portion of the hour was occupied with work on two 



Student's Name- 



1. Is the FLOWER 



Perfect ? 

 Complete ? 

 Eegular ? 

 Symmetrical f 



2. IstheCAL^X 



Gamosepalous ? 

 Polyeepalous ? 

 Free? 

 Adherent ? 



3. Is the COROLLA 



Gamopetalous ? 

 Polypetalous ? 

 Free? 

 Adherent ? 



4. How many STAMENS ? 



Free. 

 Adherent. 

 Anthers. 



Innate. 



Adnate. 



Versatile. 



Filaments. 

 Shape. 

 Length. 



5. How many PISTILS ? 



Free. 

 Adherent. 

 Stigma. 

 Style. 

 Ovary. 

 Cells. 



Placentation. 

 Ovules. 

 Number. 

 Position. 

 Fruit. 

 Seed. 



6. INFLORESCENCE. 



7. LEAVES. 



Arrangement. 



Venation. 



Shape. 



Base. 



Apex. 



Margin. 



Petiole. 



Stipules. 



8. STEM. 



Exogenous. 

 Endogenous. 



9. COMMON NAME. 

 10. SCIENTIFIC NAME. 



Fig. 1. 



