FURTHER STUDY OF INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS. 639 



for the arm to move forward, and the result is then a smaller and 

 less direct movement forward than when the object of attention 

 is to the front. An instance of this, obtained under other but 

 comparable circumstances, appears in Fig. 3, while Figs. 5 and 6 

 illustrate the more usual result. We conclude, then, that the 

 position of the body is an important factor, but does not detract 

 from the accepted psychological interpretation of these move- 

 ments. While observing the subject we may note movements of 

 the body as a whole, and of the arm or hand ; the movement of 

 the body is an irregular swaying with the feet as the point of at- 

 tachment, and this we recorded by fixing the recording plate upon 

 the subject's head, and suspending the pencil above it. It was 

 found that the head like the hand moved toward the object of at- 



Fig. 7. 1 Thinking of a Building. 

 Standing J. I, left hand ; II, right 

 hand ; both holding record near the 

 body ; time, 35 seconds ; records re- 

 versed. 



Fig. 8. J Thinking of a Building. Facing 

 J. I, left hand held extended far out ; II, 

 right hand held close to body ; each hand 

 holds record ; time, 35 seconds ; records re- 

 versed. 



tention ; and, further, that it moved as readily toward the object 

 when the latter was to the front, to the rear, or to either side. To 

 determine how far this swaying is the same in head and hand, we 

 record both at the same time. Fig. 2 illustrates the correspond- 

 ence of the two movements. From a number of such tests we 

 conclude that the swaying of the body contributes an important 

 factor to the automatograph records, and that the movements of 

 the head are apt to be more extensive than those of the hand. 



To eliminate this swaying of the body, we may experiment with 

 the subject seated ; we then obtain a distinctive record II (of Fig. 

 3), in which the oscillations have almost disappeared, and in which 

 the tendency to move along a circle is marked. A still better 

 method of eliminating this swaying is to hold the recording plate 



