74 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



Bulletin of tiie United States Fish Com- 

 mission for 1889. Washington: United 

 States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. 

 Pp. 504. 



TnE contents of this volume consist of 

 some twenty reports on various subjects con- 

 nected with American fishes and fisheries, 

 including the taking of shell-fish. Among 

 the more extended papers is one on the 

 salmon and salmon fisheries of Alaska, by 

 T. II. Bean, which is copiously illustrated 

 with views and maps. As the salmon fish- 

 eries of Alaska are said to be more valuable 

 than the seal fisheries, the act of Congress 

 ordering the commissioner to make this in- 

 vestigation, with a view to protecting the in- 

 dustry, would seem to be a wise one. There 

 is a Report upon a Physical Investigation of 

 the Waters off the Southern Coast of New 

 England, by William Libbey, Jr., accom- 

 panied by a large number of tables and tem- 

 perature charts. Other notable papers are, 

 A Reconnaissance of the Streams and Lakes 

 of the Yellowstone National Park, by David 

 Starr Jordan, with views of streams and cata- 

 racts ; Notes on the Crab Fishery of Crisfield, 

 Md., by Hugh M. Smith ; and Notes on the 

 Oyster Fishery of Connecticut, by J. W. 

 Collins, the two last named also being well 

 illustrated. 



Tenth Annual Report of the United States 

 Geological Survey, 1888-'89. J. W. 

 Powell, Director. Part I, Geology ; Part 

 II, Irrigation. Washington : Department 

 of the Interior. 



During the year covered by this report, 

 work was prosecuted in the many divisions 

 of the survey already established, and in the 

 new division of irrigation, created to perform 

 the new duties assigned to the survey by 

 Congress at the beginning of the year. The 

 publications printed for the survey were one 

 annual report, two quarto monographs, nine 

 bulletins, and one annual statistical volume. 

 In accordance with a plan promulgated by the 

 director in December, a conference on map 

 publication was held in January, at which a 

 unit of publication, a system of nomenclature, 

 and sets of colors and patterns for geological 

 maps were determined upon. The decisions 

 reached, and plates showing the colors and 

 patterns, are inserted in the report. The di- 

 rector's report is followed by administrative 

 reports of the heads of divisions, and by 



these papers : General Account of the Fresh- 

 water Morasses of the United States, with 

 a Description of the Dismal Swamp District 

 of Virginia and North Carolina, by Nathaniel 

 Southgate Shaler ; The Penokee Iron-bearing 

 Series of Michigan and Wisconsin, by the 

 late Roland Duer Irving and Charles Rich- 

 ard Van Hise ; The Fauna of the Lower 

 Cambrian or Olenellus Zone, by Charles D. 

 Walcott. The papers are illustrated by nine- 

 ty-eight plates and many figures and maps. 



The report on irrigation is bound sepa- 

 rately, and describes the first year's work in 

 this field. The area of the arid region of 

 the United States is about 1,300,000 square 

 miles one third of the whole country. Ma- 

 jor Powell estimates that 150,000 square 

 miles of this, equal to half the present culti- 

 vated area of the country, is so favorably 

 situated that it may be reclaimed by irriga- 

 tion within a generation. The efforts of the 

 persons assigned to the irrigation survey 

 were directed during the year to ascertaining 

 the whereabouts of irrigable land most eligi- 

 ble for redemption and segregating it for 

 homestead settlement; to determining the 

 amount of available water, the best locations 

 for reservoirs and canals, the seepage, the 

 evaporation, and the vested rights in short, 

 the most economical method of bringing the 

 land and the water together. The details 

 of this work are set forth in the report. 



Psychology applied to the Art of Teach- 

 ing. By Joseph Baldwin, LL. D. In- 

 ternational Education Series, Vol. XIX. 

 New York : D. Appleton & Co. Pp. 381. 

 Price, $1.50. 



The process of training the mind is here 

 presented in a thoroughly methodical man- 

 ner. The author divides his treatise into six 

 parts, the first five of which deal respectively 

 with the education of the perceptive powers, 

 the representative powers, the thought pow- 

 ers, the emotions, and the will powers. These 

 several subjects are systematically divided 

 and subdivided, and under each subdivision 

 the author tells in terse, vigorous sentences 

 just what the teacher should do. For an 

 example of his method take the following, 

 from the chapter on Culture of the Perceptive 

 Powers : 



Habits of Exact Observation. 'These habits 

 should be formed in early life. Discriminations 



