WARMING AND VENTILATING OF DWELLINGS. 833 



Plate No. Z. 



SECTION 



SECTION 



AT C-JD 



Plan of Basement of M. Somesco's House at Creil, Oise, France. 



Section A-B, showing inlet of air into the basement passage where the air is warmed. G L, 

 the ground level of the garden. C L, the ground level of the basement or cellar. GR. F., 

 the parlor floor, or first floor of the house. The inlet of air as indicated by the arrows is 

 below the smoke-flue, which is suspended in the center of the passage, so as to warm the 

 air in this passage. Section C-D. G. R. shows the outlet of the air above the smoke- 

 flue. The air warmed by contact with this flue passes upward in the intervening space 

 between the inner and outer walls of the house, so as to warm the entire substance of the 

 walls. 



contraction of the iron with which it is made. The drawing C D 

 shows how the air warmed in this passage ascends into the space 

 between the two walls of the house. There are a number of these 

 openings into the hollow of the wall all round the house. 



The temperature in the hot-air passage varies from 114 to 

 122 Fahr. This suffices to bring up the temperature of the inner 

 wall on the ground-floor from 86 to 92 Fahr. The temperature 

 of the inner wall decreases by about one degree centigrade per 

 metre of height. Thus, if the wall on the ground-floor level is 

 at 35, it will be 32 C. on the level of the first floor, which is 

 three metres higher up. The hot air that travels up the hollow 

 of the walls comes out in the large attic under the roof of the 

 house. If this air is warmed to from 114 to 122 Fahr. when it 

 enters the space between the walls it will have fallen to about 

 104 Fahr. as it emerges from the wall into the attic. From this 

 attic the hot air filters into the open through the porosity of the 

 roof and by the various openings, chinks, etc. 



Much of the success of this experiment depends upon the 

 porosity of the walls. Every precaution is taken not to interfere 

 with this porosity. There is no plaster-work put on the walls, 

 and there is no paint or paper. A light wooden frame is nailed 

 on to the walls, and from this tapestry that is, a tissue, as far as 

 possible a woolen tissue is suspended and replaces paper. Some 

 hangings of this description can be obtained that are hardly any 

 dearer than good paper, and though for artistic purposes expen- 

 sive woolens are employed, the expense in the long run is not 

 great, for the cloth lasts an indefinite time, and, unlike paper, can 

 be taken down and cleaned. It also contributes very materially 



VOL. XLI. 61 



