790 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



nent servile native population, whicli is manifestly inconsistent 

 with political independence, or with any approach to republican 

 institutions. 



Such being our conclusions from a comparison of authorities, 

 what shall we say about the broader question of original racial 

 acclimatization ? And what policy, if any, should be modeled 

 upon the theories with regard to the way in which this undis- 

 puted operation once took place for, as we have said, the sub- 

 stantial unity of the human race followed by extensive migra- 

 tions is an accepted fact. Even in the absence of direct proof, to 

 deny it would be to neglect all the evidence for the same phe- 

 nomenon among plants and animals so ably set forth by Wallace, 

 Agassiz, Drude, and other writers. Fortunately, however, the 

 researches of ethnologists to-day are continually bringing new 

 evidence to show that such widespread migration has indeed 

 taken y^lace. Two radically different policies are advocated by 

 the adherents of one or the other of the two opposing factions 

 in biological theory. For accommodation to climatic conditions 

 may take place either by variation and natural selection or by 

 habitual adaptation transmitted by inheritance.* Weissmann, f 

 Wallace, Quatrefages, % and apparently Dr. Brinton,* rely upon 

 natural selection, which they assert, directly or by inference, 

 takes place in the following way : A large body of men (plants 

 or animals) is transported to the new habitat at once the larger 

 the number the better from which by elimination a few fortu- 

 nate variations survive. Thus, after a long time, and enormous 

 sacrifice of life, a new type, immune to some degree, becomes 

 established. All that the state need do, therefore, is to keep 

 up the supply of immigrants long enough, and leave the climate 

 to do the rest. || 



What state policy may we adopt if we hold to the biological 

 theory of adaptation and heredity ? This school includes Vir- 

 chow and Buchner,"^ who firmly defended it at the Natural Sci- 

 ence Congress at Strasburg, and by Jousset. ^ Their policy 

 would be to imitate the operations of natural ethnic migrations ; 

 they would rely upon the utilization of the natural aptitudes of 

 various nationalities, which we have mentioned perhaps them- 

 selves the fruit of ages of sojourn in certain climates until 

 finally a great drifting movement toward the equator would take 



* Dismissed by Wallace in Encyclopaedia Britannica. 



f Correspondenzblait der deutschen Gesellschaft fUr Anthropologie, xviii, 188*7, p. 18. 



X Op. cit. * Op. cit., p. 283, seems to follow De Quatrefages. 



|] This would be the policy outlined by Dr. Van der Burg, quoted in note ante. 



^ Correspondenzblatt, 1887, p. 18. 



Op. cit, p. 245 outlined in his general argument. Vide note ante. 



