THE YOUNG DRAUGHTSMAN. 537 



even in this abstract symbolism : the circle does roughly resemble 

 the contour of the head : as, indeed, the square or rectangle may 

 be said less obviously to do when hair and 

 whiskers and the horizontal line of the hat break *- '^ 



the curved line. o'' O 



But it is not the mere contour which repre- ^^>P 



sents the face : it is a circle picked out with f ea- tl 



tures. These, however vaguely indicated, are an J_/ 



integral part of the facial scheme. This is illus- / ) 



trated in the fact that among the drawings by 'V^ W 



savages and others collected by General Pitt- | | 



Rivers, one, executed by an adult negro of I T 



Uganda, actually omits the contour, the human 7 T 



head being represented merely by an arrange- "^ *' ''^ 



ment of dark patches and circles for eyes, ears, ^^^- ^ 



etc. (Fig. 3).* 



Coming now to the mode of representing the features, we find 

 at an early stage of this schematic delineation an attempt to dif- 

 ferentiate and individualize features, not only by giving definite 

 position but by a rough imitation of form. Thus we get the 

 vertical line as indicating the direction of the nose, the hori- 

 zontal line that of the mouth, and either a rounded dot or a cir- 

 cular line as representative of the curved outline of the eye 

 whether that of the iris, of the visible part of the eyeball, or of 

 the orbital cavity. A precisely similar scheme appears in the 

 drawings of savages, f 



At first the child is grandly indifferent to completeness in the 

 enumeration of features. Even "the two eyes, a nose, and a 

 mouth " are often imperfectly represented. Thus, when dots are 

 used, we may have one or more specks, ranging, according to M. 

 Perez, up to five. X The use of a single dot for facial feature 

 in general has its parallel in the art of savage tribes.* It is, 

 however, I think, most common to introduce three dots in a tri- 

 angular arrangement, presumably for eyes and mouth a device, 

 again, which reappears in the art of uncivilized races. || Even 

 when the young draughtsman has reached the stage of distin- 

 guishing the features he may be quite careless about number 

 and completeness. Thus a feature may be omitted altogether. 

 This funnily enough happens most frequently in the case of that 



* These drawings, of the highest interest to the student of child- art as well as to the 

 anthropologist, are to be seen in the general's museum at Farnham (Dorset) (seventh room). 



f Schoolcraft has a good example of this facial scheme in the drawing of a man shoot- 

 ing (The Indian Tribes of the United States, vol. i, plate 48). 

 X L'Art et la Poesie chez I'Enfant, p. 186. 



* For an illustration see Andree, Eth. Parallelen und Vergleiche, plate 3, Fig. 19. 

 II See, for an example, Schoolcraft, vol. iv, plate 28. 



