UTILITARIAN SCIENCE. 89 



and our public service as a whole is far below that of European coun- 

 tries. Both public opinion and university authorities are responsible 

 for this condition." 



The hygiene of childhood, in which line great advances are made, 

 is still not adequately represented in most of our medical colleges, and 

 the study of psychiatry and nervous disturbances in general is not suffi- 

 ciently lifted from the realm of quackery. " Not only," says a corre- 

 spondent, " should psychiatry be taught in every medical school, but it 

 should be taught from a clinical standpoint. Every city in which 

 there are medical schools should have a psychopathic hospital for the 

 reception of all cases of alleged insanity and for their study, treatment 

 and cure. Such a hospital should contain, also, a laboratory for the 

 study of normal and of pathological psychology. I am convinced that 

 progress in normal psychology will be made chiefly through the study 

 of abnormal conditions, just as physiology has profited so enormously 

 through the work of the pathologist." 



A word should be said for veterinary medicine and its achievements 

 of enormous economic value in the control of the contagious diseases 

 of animals. The recent achievements of vaccination against the 

 southern cattle fever and against tuberculosis, the eradication of the 

 foot and mouth disease among other matters, have demanded the 

 highest scientific knowledge and the greatest skill in its practical 

 application. 



Unfortunately, veterinary science lacks in this country adequate 

 facilities for research and instruction. " Practically," says a corre- 

 spondent, " the veterinary sciences in the United States are leading a 

 parasitic existence. We are dependent almost wholly upon the results 

 of investigation and teaching of European countries, notably Germany 

 and Denmark. The value of the live-stock industry here is so tre- 

 mendous that almost every state in the Union should have a well- 

 equipped veterinary school supported by public funds. There is but 

 one veterinary school in the United States that has anything like 

 adequate support." That this is true shows that our farmers and stock- 

 raisers are very far from having an adequate idea of one of the most 

 important of their economic needs. 



Economics. 

 We may justify the inclusion of economics among the utilitarian 

 sciences on grounds which would equally include the sciences of ethics 

 and lrygiene. It is extremely wise as well as financially profitable to 

 take care of one's health, and still more so to take thought of one's 

 conduct. The science of economics in some degree touches the ethics 

 of nations and the ' wealth of nations,' a large factor in the happiness 

 of the individuals contained within them, depends on the nation's atti- 

 tude towards economic truths. Another justification of this inclusion 

 is found in the growing tendency in our country to call on professional 



