528 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



to-day in pathology belongs to clinical medicine and surgery, for it 

 is largely special and diagnostic in character. The pathologist is now 

 the servant of the physician and surgeon in completing and rectifying 

 their diagnoses. The pathologist of the future will deal with more 

 general phenomena derived from experimental and comparative data, 

 just as the physiologist has moved onward, or backward if you please, 

 into general and comparative physiology. Similarly, the burden of 

 other now scientific departments will be shifted into the more prac- 

 tical branches to make way for more fundamental problems. The 

 logical outcome of such a rearrangement of studies would be eventually 

 a college course arranged wholly with a view toward medicine and 

 sanitary science, in which the bulk of the present early studies of the 

 medical school would find a place, and, secondly, a practical course in 

 medicine, surgery and sanitary science, in which clinical, hospital and 

 public health laboratories would take a prominent part. It may be 

 that in this way the time and energy of the student aiming for two 

 degrees and a livelihood could be saved, while the efficiency and scope 

 of the course could be increased at the same time. 



The establishment of research institutes by governmental authority 

 and private munificence marked the beginning of a new epoch in 

 medical science by organizing research and giving it an assured status. 

 The influence of these institutes upon research in the university medical 

 schools will be watched with much interest. Unless the latter take 

 a more definite position and furnish opportunity whereby investigations 

 of a more serious and exhaustive scope may be undertaken, the research 

 institutes will absorb the best men and the highest class of work and 

 leave research as heretofore a by-product of the schools, often desultory, 

 discontinuous and trivial. To avoid this impending calamity, the pro- 

 fessors should be relieved of various routine duties incidental to the 

 management of laboratory workshops. There should also be appointed 

 investigators of definite rank whose teaching should be subordinated 

 to research in such a way that the latter will not be seriously impaired 

 by long interruptions. 



In conclusion I wish to dwell briefly upon a phase of our subject 

 which is perhaps the most important of all and toward which the 

 various lines of our discourse have been converging. 



The relatively large endowments given to medical education and 

 research in recent years have created as it were a trust to be ad- 

 ministered by the medical profession in the interest of human society 

 in the broadest and highest significance of the term. This I inter- 

 pret to mean that we must endeavor to make all advance in our 

 knowledge of health and disease common property so far as this may 

 be possible, to disseminate broadcast the benefits of research into the 

 laws of health, so that they may enter into and form an integral part 



