FOSSIL INSECTS 



59 



Tabulae Summary of the Development of Insects in the Various Geological 



Periods 



Palaeodictyoptera (primitive insects, ancestors 



of all other groups) 



Protorthoptera (ancestors of the orthopteroids) 

 Orthopteroidea : 



Orthoptera (straight wings): 

 Locnstoidea (grasshoppers and crickets) ... 

 Acridioidea (locusts) 



Phasmoidea (specters, or walking-sticks) 



Dermaptera (earwigs) 



Physopoda (thrips) 



Protoblattoidea (ancestors of the cockroaches 



and mantids) 



Blattuformia : 



Mantoidea ( praying mantes) 



Blattoidea (cockroaches) 



Isoptera (termites) 



Corrodentia (wood-lice or body lice) 



Mallophaga (bird-lice) 



Siphunculata (true lice) 



Coleopteroidea : 



Coleoptera (beetles) 



Strepsiptera (fan wings) 



Hymenoptera (membrane wings) 



Mixotermitoidea (extinct provisional group)... 



Hapalopteroidea 



Hadentomoidea (? ancestors of the embids) 



Embioidea (embids) 



Perloidea (stone flies) 



Protodonata (ancestors of the odonatids) 



Odonata (libellids) 



Protephemeroidea ( ancestors of the plectopteres) 



Plectoptera (ephemerids, or May-flies) 



Neuropteroidea (netted wings) 



Megasecoptera (ancestors of the panorpoid 



series?) 



Panorpoid ea : 



Panorpata (scorpion-flies) 



Phryganoidea ( Trichoptera, or caddice-flies, 

 etc.) 



Lepidoptera (butterflies) 



Diptera (two wings): 

 Orthorrhapha (midges, gnats, horse-flies, 



etc. ) 



Cyclorrhapha (flies) 



Suctoria (fleas) 



Protohemiptera (ancestors of the half wings).. 

 Hemiptera (half wings) 



O ^ tn 



as 



SCO 





 



03 .2 



+ 





 

 









 

 

 

 



9 



<> 



6 

 + 





 9 



+ 



100 



1,200 

 55,000 



+ 



+ 



— o 



14,000 



30,000 



100 







30,000 





 

 





 

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9 





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9 



u 



s 



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,si 



S3 



+ 

 + 



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The signs +, — , = denote that, compared with the same group as now existing, a group 

 falling in a given period was relatively more abundant, smaller, or equally developed, respect- 

 ively, in the next younger period. 



