FRITZ SCHAUDINN 275 



in solving each complex life cycle that he undertook to investigate. 

 All his discoveries were comprehensive and thorough, they settled the 

 particular questions examined, and this though he selected problems 

 the most difficult of solution. By all his training he was a zoologist, 

 and he is a splendid instance of the fact that comprehensive results in 

 medicine are possible only to him who has a broad biological founda- 

 tion on which to build. The study of human disease is to be success- 

 ful not so much by close study of human parasites only, but rather 

 by investigation, through broad comparisons, of the animal and plant 

 groups to which the parasites belong; in that method only is surety 

 given. 



For two years it was my privilege to work in the same room with 

 Schaudinn as a fellow student, in the Zoologisches Institut at Berlin; 

 accordingly, this little account of his life is as much the message of 

 a friend as of an admirer. Of the group of students at that labora- 

 tory from 1891 on, Schaudinn was the leader from his great and 

 rare natural modesty, as well as from his forceful character and power 

 of tremendous application. With regard to the latter quality I well 

 recall how on one occasion, while with exquisite ardor he was follow- 

 ing the stages of a life cycle, he spent more than thirty uninterrupted 

 hours at his microscope. With all his humor, his hearty laugh and 

 his popularity, he rarely spent an evening at the Weinstube or the Bier- 

 halle, but for his recreation took long walks into the countryside, 

 showing a delight in every phase of nature. Perhaps the chief secret 

 of his success was his almost intuitive ability to select the important 

 phenomenon from the less important, and to focus his mind on that; 

 he never allowed himself to become bewildered by the multitude of the 

 facts, truly a rare gift. 



Immediately after his death there appeared an appreciative account 

 of his life by his old teacher, Professor Karl Heider, of Innsbruck; 

 then a second by Professor Gary N. Calkins, of Columbia University, 

 this printed in Science; and within the past two months more detailed 

 biographical accounts by Professor Kichard Hertwig, of Munich, and 

 F. W. Winter, of Frankfurt-am-Main. The last named is the most 

 complete yet given, and was published in the Zoologischer Anzeiger, 

 November 13; it gives a careful analysis of his various papers and 

 labors, together with a complete bibliography. 



Fritz Eichard Schaudinn was born in Boseningken in East Prussia 

 in 1871. In the laboratory of F. E. Schulze in Berlin he commenced 

 his investigations on Protozoa in 1892. His first years there were 

 devoted to the investigation of free-living species, both freshwater and 

 marine, and the rhizopods in particular. Before he made his doctor- 

 ate he settled a long controversy by demonstrating that the two forms 

 of many-chambered foraminifera, those with a large and those with a 



