INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS DURING THE YEAR 1876. xix 



one has been ordered. The Foucault reflector of thirty-one inches 

 aperture has been mounted at Toulouse since February, and Tisse- 

 rand has begun a study of the Orion nebula and of the fainter satel- 

 lite systems. The instruments for the Strasburg Observatory are 

 well-nigh completed, and we may look for important work on com- 

 ets and nebulae from its accomplished director. Its outfit will be 

 most complete, no pains having been spared in the design and 

 in the execution of the various instruments. Dr. Valentiner, of 

 Leyden, is transferred to Mannheim vice Schonfeld, who succeeds 

 Argelander at Bonn. Kriiger, of Helsingfors, has succeeded Hansen 

 at Gotha. 



Stone, of Washington, has been appointed to be Director of the 

 Cincinnati Observatory, and the Dudley Observatory of Albany is 

 now opened under the charge of Mr. Lewis Boss. Professor Picker- 

 ing, formerly of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has been 

 appointed to be Director of the Observatory of Harvard College. 

 The Observatory of Cordova has completed its zone observations, 

 and is proceeding with the publication of its uranometry. 



THE SUN. 



Powalky has published an important paper on the Dorpat obser- 

 vations of the sun, 1823-1839. 



The solar protuberances are daily mapped by Tacchini, of Paler- 

 mo, and Secchi at Rome ; at Greenwich, by Christie and Maunder ; 

 and by various other observers. 



Daily photographs are taken at Greenwich, at Paris (by Cornu at 

 the observatory, and. by Janssen), Moscow, Toulouse, Kasan, etc. ; 

 also by Lockyer, at South Kensington, with a Huyghens lens of 123 

 feet focus. The spots are observed daily at Madrid, Oxford, Berlin, 

 Zurich, etc. Melbourne also takes daily photographs. 



The Royal Astronomical Society has recently acquired an eleven- 

 year series of sun-photographs made by Professor Selwyn. 



Secchi has recently brought out a second and greatly enlarged 

 edition of his treatise on the sun. The journal of the Spectroscopic 

 Society of Italy continues its resumes of spectroscopic and other 

 work ; and its pages may be consulted for special memoirs on spec- 

 troscopy. Lockyer, Abney, Roscoe, Stewart, and Vogel are still oc- 

 cupied with their normal map of the solar spectrum ; and Draper is 

 pursuing his investigation of metallic spectra. The third volume of 

 the Bothkamp observations, by Dr. O. Lohse, is devoted almost en- 

 tirely to the discussion of his own solar observations. 



Young has recently taken up an important research on the rota- 

 tion of the solar surfoce as derived from spectroscopic observations. 

 His observations give for the velocity of the sun's rotation 1.42 

 miles per second, while direct observation gives 1.25 miles. Vo- 

 gel's earlier results gave from 1.62 to 1.94 miles. The difference 



