INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS DURING THE YEAR 187G. cix 



The labors and investigations of Baron do Eschwege, Spix and 

 Martins, Saint-Hilaire, and more recently Mr. Liais and Professor 

 Hartt, afford material for a correct knowledge of the physical geog- 

 raphy. The surveys made for railway lines have afforded valuable 

 data, and very numerous astronomical observations for position and 

 barometric observations for heights have been made. The results of 

 all this work have been carefully eml)odied in a physical map, so that 

 no excuse will remain for such gross inaccuracies as have existed 



heretofore. 



PERU. 



The first volume of the great work on Peru, by Don Antonio 

 Raimondi, has been published. By this accomplished geographer 

 and naturalist, Peru has for the first time been scientifically ex- 

 plored, Senor Raimondi having devoted a lifetime to the work. 

 More than a quarter of a century ago he made his first journey from 

 Lima across the Andes, and for nineteen years traveled over the 

 country on a fixed plan, diligently collecting materials before begin- 

 ning to preface his work for publication. The work will consist of 

 six parts, the first being devoted to geography and meteorology, 

 the second to geology, the third to mineralogy, the fourth and fifth 

 to botany and zoology, and the concluding part to ethnology. The 

 work is being published at the expense of the Peruvian government. 



From observations made during a recent examination of Lake 

 Titicaca, Peru, Mr. Alexander Agassiz concludes that within a com- 

 paratively recent time the Pacific Ocean extended through gaps in 

 the Andes and formed an internal sea, the bottom of which is now 

 at a height of 2900 or 3000 feet above sea-level. This is proved by 

 the existence of coral limestone, similar to the West India formations 

 at about this height, about twenty miles inland from the Pacific, 

 Mr. Agassiz has prepared for publication a valuable hydrograjDliic 

 map of the lake from information obtained during his visit in 1875. 



URUGUAY. 



In the Democracia of Montevideo has appeared an excellent series 

 of letters by Seiior Clemente Barrial Posada, the geologist, describ- 

 ing the geology and geography of the interior of Uruguay. Taken 

 in connection with the reports of Mr. Twite's mincralogical explora- 

 tions in the province of Minas in 1875, these form valuable additions 

 to our knowledge of Uruguay. 



BUENOS AYRES. 

 The government of the Argentine Republic has commenced the 

 publication in German and French of a physical description of that 

 country by Dr. H. Burmeister, who has resided there for the past 

 twenty years, and whose reputation as a geographer is a guarantee 

 of the accuracy of his work. 



