INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS DURING THE YEAR 1876. cxv 



gions, and have collected a mass of data, the results of which have 

 been an immense gain to the geography of these regions. In the 

 GeograijMcal Magazine for January, 1877, will be found a sketch of 

 the w^ork jDerformed during 1875. 



The Geographical Magazine for October, 1876, contains an interest- 

 ing article on the authorities used by Major St. John in constructing 

 his map of Persia, in six sheets, on a scale of sixteen miles to an 

 inch. His map exhibits solely the information derived from trust- 

 worthy European sources. A vast amount of information embodied 

 in it is published for the first time, and the map is considered to be 

 of the highest value. 



The geographical results of a survey made in 1872 and 1873 of 

 the routes for a railway to join the Mediterranean and Persian Gulf 

 are published in a supplement to Petermann's Mittheilungen. The 

 survey was made under the direction of Mr. Josef Cernik, who ar- 

 rives at the conclusion that the route through the valley of the Eu- 

 jDhrates is impracticable, and recommends a more circuitous line 

 along the base of the mountains of Kurdistan, through Mosul, Diar- 

 bekr, and Aleppo to Alexandretta on the Gulf of Iskanderun, or 

 Tarabulus on the Black Sea. 



The amount of country surveyed in Palestine by the English ex- 

 pedition for that purpose during the past year is 1500 square miles, 

 making a total of 3500, and leaving about 1400 square miles in Up- 

 per Galilee to be completed. A line of levels between the Sea of 

 Galilee and the Mediterranean w^as commenced, but was interrupted 

 by the hostility of the natives. It is hoped that the trigonometrical 

 survey may be completed this year. 



In February an expedition sent by the American Palestine Ex- 

 ploration Society, under charge of Dr. Selah Merrill, visited the val- 

 ley of the Jordan and the eastern shore of the Dead Sea, devoting 

 considerable time to the section at the northeast corner of the Dead 

 Sea and the mounds that exist there, with reference to the geogra2)hy 

 of portions of the 13th chapter of Joshua and the 82d chapter of 



Numbers. 



AFRICA. 



The details and results of the journey of Lieutenant V. L. Cameron, 

 R.ISr., across Africa in 1873, 1874, and 1875, have been published 

 during last year, and entitle him to very high rank as a scientific ex- 

 plorer. The original object of the journey being to search for and 

 succor Dr. Livingstone, the expedition commanded by Lieutenant 

 Cameron left Zanzibar for the interior in March, 1873, and upon 

 hearing, in October of the same year, of Dr. Livingstone's death, 

 pushed on to Lake Tanganyika, to secure the effects of the deceased 

 explorer at Ujiji. This he succeeded in doing ; and taking such in- 

 struments of Livingstone's as were needed to replace those lost and 

 injured during his journey from the coast. Lieutenant Cameron f>re- 



