cxvi GENERAL SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND 



pared for his western journey. After examining a portion of the 

 shores of Lake Tanganyika, he turned to the northwest and reached 

 Nyangwe, an important commercial town, in south latitude 4 12', 

 east longitude 26 31', in the autumn of 1874. Careful astronom- 

 ical observations were made here to determine a starting-point for 

 further exploration. Lieutenant Cameron's intention being to follow 

 the banks or valley of the Lualaba River, an affluent of Lake Tan- 

 ganyika, so as to prove its identity with the Congo ; but this was 

 found, from want of boats and from native hostility, to be impracti- 

 cable, and he was obliged to jDursue a more southerly track. Having 

 proceeded as far as the tenth degree of south latitude. Lieutenant 

 Cameron turned to the westward, and, passing along the water-shed 

 between the tributaries of the Congo and the headwaters of the 

 Zambesi, arrived after much delay and trouble, on November 4th, 

 1875, at the Portuguese settlement of Bengu61a, on the western coast. 

 Among the most important of the discoveries during this long jour- 

 ney was that of a hitherto unknown but extensive w^ater system, 

 formed by a river flowing through a series of lakes intermediate 

 between the Lomame and the more eastern valley which Dr. Living- 

 stone had followed up from Lakes Bangwealo and Moero. The 

 whole country betw^een Nyangw6 and Lake Dilolo, a distance of 

 over 600 miles, is new ground, as, although the Lulua, the Luburi, and 

 other rivers crossed by Lieutenant Cameron had been heard of be- 

 fore and the country had been traversed, he was the first to fix their 

 true position on the map. He ascertained that at Nyangwe the 

 Lualaba River is only 1400 feet above the sea, proving that this 

 great water system can have no connection with the Nile, that river 

 being at Gondokoro 1500 feet above sea-level. There seems to be 

 no reasonable doubt that the Lualaba and the Congo are identical. 

 The information collected by Cameron explains a great deal of Dr. 

 Livingstone's memoranda which would otherwise be unintelligible. 



One of the principal geographical results of the journey has been 

 the construction of a section of elevation across the entire continent 

 of Africa between the fourth and twelfth degrees of south latitude, 

 verified throughout by careful astronomical obseiTations. Lieuten- 

 ant Cameron's diligence and skill in taking observations (over 5000 

 being made for latitude, longitude, and elevation), and the general 

 success of the journey, have earned for him his promotion in the 

 Navy to the rank of Commander, and the award of a gold medal 

 from the Royal Geographical Society. 



The expedition sent out by the German African Society to pene- 

 trate into the interior from the west coast has not thus far been 

 very successful. 



Dr. Otto Lenz, who had hoped to follow the course of the Ogowe 

 River, and who had so far succeeded as to overcome the opposition 

 of the inhabitants of the Oscheba lands, has been obliged to return 



