cxliv GENERAL SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND 



GENEEAL ZOOLOGY. 



L By Db. a. S. PACKARD, Jb. 



A review of the work accomplislied by zoologists during the year 

 1876 shows no diminution in the interest felt in this subject, either 

 abroad or at home. 



The British Arctic Expedition has returned with zoological col- 

 lections of great value, while the arctic expeditions of the Swedish 

 government, under Nordenskjold, and the Norwegian deep-sea ex- 

 pedition to Iceland, as well as the researches in the Rocky Mount- 

 ains carried on in connection with Professor Hayden's United States 

 Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, have been 

 productive of good results. 



A very thorough survey of the Baltic is in progress, under the di- 

 rection of the German minister of agriculture. We have received 

 the zoological portions of the reports, which are of much interest. 

 They are in the same direction as the reports of our United States 

 Fish Commissioner, which are confined by government, as yet, chief- 

 ly to fisheries and fish-food. 



A summer school of Biology, under the auspices of the Peabody 

 Academy of Science, was held at Salem, Massachusetts, with such 

 success that it is hoped that this institution, with its advantages for 

 the study of marine life, may lead to the establishment at this point 

 of a zoological station for naturalists as well as science-teachers. In 

 Germany they are agitating the establishment of a new zoological 

 station at Kiel and Heligoland, while others have been started at 

 Trieste and Sebastopol, and there is a plan to erect a Russian sta- 

 tion on the White Sea. The small station at Roscofi", on the coast 

 of Normandy, France, established by Professor Lacaze-Duthiers, is 

 still useful ; while Dr. Anton Dohm's magnificent establishment at 

 Naples, the parent of all these enterprises, has afforded special facili- 

 ties to some of the leading observers of Europe ; and, while it has 

 been a costly undertaking. Dr. Dohrn writes that " there is well- 

 founded hope that the Naples station will soon be free from such 

 embarrassments as are the consequences of insufficient means," since 

 the German government will probably grant five or six thousand 

 dollars to its maintenance. 



Articles on progress in American zoology during the past century 

 have been 2:)ublished in Hari^efs Magazine^ by Professor T. Gill, and 

 in the American Naturalist^ by the writer. 



Professor E. S. Morse's discourse, as President of Section B, Geology 

 and Biology, of the American Association for the Advancement of 



