INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS DURING THE YEAR 1876. clxi 



late Dr. Sulim, of the Challenger expedition, however, found some 

 eggs of a land-crab belonging to the genus Cardiosoma containing 

 young ones which " w^ere not like their mother, but zoeiis." It is 

 probable that the larva3, called zoece, leave the mother, and lead a 

 pelagic life until they have undergone all their wonderful metamor- 

 phoses. 



Some facts regarding the habits in confinement of the blind craw^- 

 fish of the Mammoth Cave, and the restoration of lost jDarts, are given 

 by Mr. F. W. Putnam in the Proceedings of the Boston Society of 

 Natural Histor3^ 



The classifications of the Scorpions have been revised by Professor 

 T. Thorell, his arrangement being based on that of Peters. It seems 

 that there are about ninety species of scorpions in existence. 



Ascending to the insects, besides many pajjcrs describing new 

 forms by leading American and European entomologists, we would 

 call special attention to certain new general discoveries. 



The embryology of the flea, Pulex fells, has been studied anew 

 by Balbiani. So far as the long abstract published of his work is 

 concerned, no mention is made of an essay on this subject, illus- 

 trated with numerous figures, by the writer, published in 1872 in 

 the Memoirs of the Peabody Academy of Science, wherein a number 

 of facts supposed by Balbiani to be new are mentioned. 



The embryo of the white ant {Calotermes) has for the first time 

 been figured by Fritz Milller in the Jena Journal of Science. From 

 this sino-le figure it would seem that the white ant is similar in its 

 mode of development to other insects, especially the dragon-flies. 



Papers on the fossil insects of Colorado and Nova Scotia have 

 appeared from the pen of Mr. Scudder, and several new European 

 fossil insects have been described in foi'eign journals. Mr. Scudder 

 calls attention in the Geological 3Iagazine to the " constant discov- 

 ery of close relationship between the ancient forms of insect -life 

 in Europe and America, which Mr. Woodward has been one of the 

 most conspicuous in pointing out." A list of described orthopterous 

 American insects from the Carboniferous formation, by Mr. Scudder, 

 appears in the same connection. 



We have already referred to Weismann's remarkable paper on 

 seasonal dimorphism, and to the fact that important data regarding 

 the varieties of Papilio Ajax of this country w^ere afforded by Mr. W. 

 H. Edwards, the author of the beautiful work on buttei-flies now be- 

 ing published in this country. Further experiments are detailed in 

 the Canadian Entomologist for December, which has just appeared. 

 Mr. Edw^ards' paper will prove exceedingly interesting. He sub- 

 jected a large number of chrysalids of what would have produced 

 the variety Marcellus to severe cold in an ice-house, and found that 

 the cold completely changed a part of them to Telamonides. He re- 

 gards the variety Telamonides as the primary form of the si^ccies. We 



