ccviii GENERAL SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND 



II. That sucli compounds, when they will from any cause harden 

 and temper, and which resemble what is now called " puddled steel," 

 shall be called Weld Steel (German, Schweiss-staJil ; French, acier 

 sonde). 



in. That all comjDounds of iron, with its ordinary ingredients, 

 which have been cast from a fluid state into malleable masses, and 

 which will not sensibly harden by being quenched in water, while 

 at red heat, shall be called Ingot Iron (German, Fluss-eisen; French, 

 ferfondii). 



IV. That all such compounds, when they will from any cause so 

 harden, shall be called Ingot Steel {GevmsiJi, Fluss-stahl ; French, 

 aciei'/ondu). 



The rejDort is signed by the following distinguished metallurgists : 

 I. Lowthian Bell, P. Tunner, A. L. Holly, Dr. Hermann Wedding, 

 Richard Akerman, Thomas Egleston, and L. Gruner. 



A new alloy, which promises to jirove of considerable utility in 

 the arts, has been brought out by Mr. P. M. Parsons under the name 

 of manganese-bronze. The addition of manganese to bronzes, it is 

 affirmed, deoxidizes the latter ; its action being strikingly visible in 

 the texture of the metal, the grain being fine and close, and the 

 strength greatly increased. The new alloy may be forged at a red- 

 heat, which increases its strength and toughness. Cast test-pieces 

 have shown an ultimate strength of twenty-four tons per square 

 inch ; and, when forged, an ultimate resistance of 30.3 tons ; elastic 

 limit, twelve tons; elongation, 20.75 per cent. These figures indi- 

 cate that the new alloy possesses an ultimate strength equal to that 

 of good wrought iron, while greatly suj^erior to the best gun-metal, 

 for which sixteen tons and an elastic limit of seven tons are high 

 strengths. The effects of forging in raising the strength of the alloy 

 are very marked. It resembles aluminium-bronze in certain respects, 

 but possesses a much superior resistance to this alloy, which does not 

 exceed 22.6 tons, and is also inferior to manganese-bronze in elonga- 

 tion and elasticity. It is claimed that the new alloy will find an ap- 

 plication wherever gun-metal is used, while the facility M^th which 

 it may be forged, and the improvement resulting therefrom, will 

 render it even more useful for constructive uses. 



Among the Centennial Exhibits of materials especially applicable 

 for railway purposes, one of the most interesting and imjDortant was 

 the exhibit of a variety of articles of the alloy known as phosphor- 

 bronze. When this material was first brought out some years ago, 

 we presented in the Record some of the more imjDortant of the claims 

 of its makers, and it is quite appropriate, now that it has attained in 

 virtue of its peculiar properties a permanently valuable position in 

 the arts, to give a resume of the applications for which it has been as- 

 certained to possess special value. The following statements, abridged 

 from Iron, the leading English metallurgical journal, will be found 



