80 ANNUAL KECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



METEOKOLOGY OP CANADA. 



In a recent volume of " Magnetic and Meteorological Ob- 

 servations from 1841 to 1871," Professor Kingston gives first 

 the magnetic results of observations made at Toronto, which 

 may be divided into three principal groups, viz., embracing 

 the years 1840 to 1848, 1853 to 1862, and 1863 to 1871. For 

 the latter group tables of the daily observations are given, 

 while for the former group only summaries, condensed from 

 the full publication of General Sabine, are given. The sec- 

 ond portion of the volume is taken up with meteorological 

 observations, and may be divided into two sections, the sec- 

 ond of which contains tables of daily means for the period 

 from 1863 to 1871, and the first section more general tables 

 for the earlier periods, together with general formulae repre- 

 senting the results of the discussion of the entire thirty years 

 of observations. These discussions have been entered into 

 with somewhat unusual minuteness, giving us the most 

 thorough discussion of the climatology that we possess for 

 any point in America, and more complete than most of the 

 similar discussions to which European observations have 

 been subjected. 



THE METE GEOLOGY OF MOUNT WASHINGTON. 



Dr. Hellman has contributed to our knowledsce of the me- 

 teorology of the upper regions of the atmosphere by a care- 

 ful discussion of the observations made by the Army Signal- 

 office on the summit and at the foot of Mount Washins:- 

 ton in 1872. He finds that, as in Switzerland, the extreme 

 maximum temperatures are attained later in the day, and 

 the minimum earlier, at the summit than at the foot of the 

 mountain. The mean daily range of temperature at the 

 summit is 2.5 Centigrade, at the lower station 6.5. The 

 average decrease of temperature for the month of May is 0.07 

 for every one hundred meters of ascent, a result that agrees 

 closely with that found by Hann to prevail on the average 

 throughout Central Europe. The diminution of temperature 

 with ascent varies, of course, with the direction of the wind. 

 It is most rapid with the northwest, and least rapid with the 

 southeast winds, and is evidently much more truly a local 

 than a general physical law, as has indeed already been 



