82 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



is also equally of interest in the study of the movements 

 of aerolites. M. Helie has concluded, from experiments 

 made by him, that this resistance can be explained by the 

 very simple formula, Vzi^axv-^b ; where v is the velocity 

 of the projectile, and a and h are constants that vary with 

 the difference of the projectiles. This formula holds good 

 only between velocities of from 1000 to 1500 feet per sec- 

 ond. The values of these constants have been determined 

 by Helie for four different kinds of projectiles ; and for great 

 range of velocities the agreement between the measured and 

 the computed velocities is remarkably close. lievue Mari- 

 time et Coloniale^ 1875, 333. 



INDICATIONS OF SPKING. 



Mr. Southwell recently read before the Norfolk and Nor- 

 wich Naturalists' Society of England a review of the circum- 

 stances attending the publication of Mr. Marsham's " In- 

 dications of Spring." It seems that this work, which was 

 published in the last century, was based upon observations 

 which were begun to be made in 1736 by Robert Marsham 

 at Stratton, Strawliss Hall, near Norwich. These observa- 

 tions were continued by Mr. Marsham throughout his life. 

 The results of the first fifty years of observations were com- 

 municated by him in 1789 to the Royal Society. Mr. Mar- 

 sham died in 1797; but his series of observations were con- 

 tinued by his son Robert down to the year 1815. In 1836 

 the record was taken up by the third Robert, and has con- 

 tinued without interruption until the present time. This 

 series of observations, extending over nearly one hundred 

 and fifty years, relate principally to the phenomena that 

 would naturally be noticed by an observant naturalist ; and 

 the manuscript is replete with the most interesting particu- 

 lars as to the progress of tree planting and growth, treat- 

 ment of trees, periodic measurement thereof, etc. The ear- 

 liest appearances of the birds common to that section of the 

 country are quite regularly mentioned. Each year begins 

 with a review of the order month by month, compiled from 

 notes, and a daily register of the natural-history phenomena, 

 interspersed Avith many valuable observations, and a table 

 of the prevailing Avinds. It is often said in England that 

 our old-fashioned winters have departed, and that the springs 



