182 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



over and over ao-ain with the same tone and modulation of 

 voice, a d pipe of 256 double vibrations be strongly sounded; 

 it appears as if two persons were reading together, one witli 

 a o-rave voice (formed by a combination of all the reader's real 

 vocal sounds below c in pitch), the other with a high-pitched 

 voice, generally squeaky and nasal, and of course disagree- 

 able. This obliteration of higher by lower sounds, the au- 

 thor believes, has an important bearing on orchestral music. 

 In the first place it will require the conductor of the orches- 

 tra to change his position to one nearer the midst of the au- 

 dience. In the second, it will require a study of the relative 

 intensity of the components of typical musical tones used in 

 orchestral performances, so that those can be heard which the 

 composer desires should be. 4 D^ JSFovember, 1876, 329. 



NEW METALLIC PYROMETER. 



Though much improved of late years, pyrometers are not 

 exactly all that could be desired. Hence the frequent ap- 

 pearance of new forms of that most desirable instrument. 

 M. A. F. Huet, of Paris, has recently obtained provisional 

 protection for an invention of this kind, being an instrument 

 consisting of a rod of copper contained in a porcelain tube. 

 The characteristic feature of the invention is said to be the 

 particular arrangement of the bar of copper, which with its 

 porcelain tube is inclosed in the wall of a furnace, into which 

 the porcelain tube penetrates a suitable distance. Outside 

 the furnace the tube terminates in a foot or support screwed 

 down upon a plate. Inside the tube is the rod of copper, 

 which is fixed at the inner end by means of a screw-nut at 

 the end of the tube. This rod is prolonged outside the fur- 

 nace, and terminates in a fork which embraces the vertical 

 branch of a lever. To avoid all contact of the porcelain 

 socket with the copper rod, an asbestus washer is arranged 

 on each side of the screw-nut which fixes the rod and the 

 socket at one end. To render the action of the heat from 

 the furnace more direct upon the copper rod, small holes are 

 pierced in the part of the socket which is inside the furnace. 

 The lever is free to oscillate on an axis. The extremity of 

 the other branch of the same lever is fastened by a joint to 

 the top of a rod which carries a regulating scrcAV-nut, this 

 being terminated at the bottom by a piston destined to press 



