G. GENERAL NATURAL HISTORY AND ZOOLOGY. 315 



tlie occipital crest to the end of the premaxillaiy. The small- 

 est American species is considerably less in size. The speci- 

 mens referred to are from the upper cretaceous of Western 

 Kansas. It is considered an interesting fact by Professor 

 Marsh that the localities and geological horizon of these 

 specialized, toothless pterodactyls are precisely the same as 

 those of the Odontornithes^ or birds with teeth, and the two 

 doubtless lived together in the same region. 4 Z>, June^ 

 1876. 



A FOSSIL KEPTILE WITH MAMMALIAN CHAEACTEES IN PRINCE 



EDWAED ISLAND. 



In a paper by Professor Owen on the former existence of 

 Theriodont reptiles in the Ural Permian deposits as well as 

 in South Africa, he states his belief that Leidy's Bathygna- 

 thus borealis^ from the red sandstone, " probably of Permian 

 age," in Prince Edward Island, was a Theriodont allied to 

 Lycosaurus of the karoo beds of South Africa. Similar fos- 

 sils from the Ural reofion had been described in 1838 by Ku- 

 torga as probably mammalian. Similar animals occurred in 

 the conglomerates at Bristol, England. Ann. and 3Iag. Nat. 

 Hist.^ August. 



EEPTILES OF COSTA EICA. 



Professor Cope has published an important paper on the 

 JBatrachia and JReptilia of Costa Rica, with notes on the rep- 

 tiles of Nicaragua and Peru, in the quarto journal of the 

 Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. Most of the 

 Costa Rican materials were obtained from the researches of 

 Dr. William M. Gabb, who was engaged for several years 

 in exploring that country in behalf of the Costa Rican gov- 

 ernment, by which he has added very largely to our knowl- 

 edge of the geography, geology, general natural history, 

 and ethnology of the region. He has already published 

 many papers in all these departments, and it is to him we 

 owe our only reliable information in regard to the Costa 

 Rican aborio-ines. The first series of all the collections 

 made by Dr. Gabb have all been presented by him to the 

 National Museum, in Washington, and they constitute a 

 highly valued portion of the extensive collections of the 

 establishment. 



