334 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



beetle, the canker-worm, the army-worm, the Rocky Mountain 

 locust, and the grape-vine phylloxera. There is a special di- 

 vision upon innoxious insects, under which is mentioned the 

 yucca-borer, which, according to Dr. Riley, is the only butter- 

 fly the larva of which has the boring habit. Under the head 

 of the Colorado potato-beetle, we learn that it has become ex- 

 tremely abundant in the East, and that it lately swarmed to a 

 remarkable extent on Coney Island ; also, that a sprinkling of 

 Paris green continues to be one of the most important means 

 of preventing its ravages. From the experiments of Profess- 

 ors Kenzie and M'Murtrie it is shown that, contrary to the 

 anticipations of some, there is no danger to be apprehended 

 to the soil from the introduction of this poison. An extended 

 article upon the Rocky Mountain locust contains the comfort- 

 ino; assurance to the farmers of Missouri that no danQ^er need 

 be apprehended from it during the year 1876. In regard to 

 the grape-vine phylloxera, Avhich is now threatening the de- 

 struction of almost the entire system of the European vine- 

 yards. Professor Riley states that it has comparatively little 

 effect on the American vines, and that the demand for these 

 for exportation to Europe far exceeds the supply. Numerous 

 well-executed wood-cuts add greatly to the interest and value 

 of this important report. 



METAMOEPHOSIS OF THE CRUSTACEA. 



From a study of the larvae of thirty-eight genera of stalk- 

 eyed Crustacea, Mr. C. Spence-Bate has become convinced of 

 the existence of a unity of character throughout the various 

 forms and chans^es of Crustacea ; that varietv in form is never 

 inconsistent with homological truth ; that parts suppressed 

 or rendered abortive for want of use are never absolutely 

 lost, and may be reproduced under conditions that may re- 

 quire them. The eyes of those Crustacea, such as Alpheus, 

 that inhabit dark places are reduced in power according to 

 the condition of their habitat.' But these organs are, in their 

 larval state, as well developed, if not more so, as those of any 

 species whose life is passed in the bright sunshine of the sur- 

 face of the ocean. The blind Deidamia, brought from the 

 depth of four miles below the surfoce of the Atlantic by the 

 dredges of the Challenger, differs in no respect from Poly- 

 cheles, taken by Heller in the comparatively shallow Adriatic 



