508 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



it is identical with that with bark, but the leather is tough-' 

 er, finer, and more durable, and accepts a finer finisli. The 

 plant is an annual, and can be mowed, dried, and stacked 

 like hay. 5 C, XL., 112. 



RUSSIA LEATHER. 



The best Russia leather (Juchten) exhibited at Vienna 

 was that of Savin, of St. Petersburg, of which the follow- 

 ing grades are employed in the manufacture of fancy ar- 

 ticles : The Malia- Juchten, sold by the hundred - weight, 

 rhomboidal in grain, and used for articles of more ordinary 

 quality. Pared-Juchten, also sold by weight, generally rect- 

 angular in grain, is rather high in price, because it is re- 

 duced in weight by paring off the thick parts. It is used 

 for fine articles, either smoothed or in its natural condition. 

 Another grade, smoothed in Russia, and also sold by weight, 

 is rendered still smoother and more highly polished by the 

 Vienna manufacturers by moistening and rolling it, and 

 forms the finest and most expensive article, much in demand 

 of late for tlie so-called soft articles. Like the other grades, 

 it is found of different sizes and weights. The Werhock- 

 Juchten, named from the Russian superficial measure accord- 

 ing to which it is sold, is a coarser grade, has beautiful clear 

 pointed grain, is seldom smoothed, but is generally used in 

 its natural condition for the larger articles. 34 (7, L, 3. 



OLIVE-OIL AND GLYCERINE AS A PARTIAL SUBSTITUTE FOR 



YOLK OF EGG IN TANNING. 



It is proposed by Kathweiner, as a measure of economy, to 

 substitute glycerine and olive-oil, in part, for the yolks of 

 eggs in tanning. Thus in tanning, say, 100 skins, instead of 

 50 yolks, but 25 might be used, in connection with 4j fluid 

 ounces of good olive-oil, and 3.4 fluid ounces of the strong- 

 est glycerine. The yolks should first be rubbed with a 

 wooden pestle, and the oil and glycerine, previously mixed 

 and well shaken, should be added in a thin stream with con- 

 tinued stirring. If the addition is not too rapid, an excellent 

 emulsion will be formed by continued vigorous stirring for 

 about four minutes. This should then be carefully mixed 

 with the rest of the dressing, and be well absorbed by the 

 hide. The article resembles in the whole process, and in its 



