Carbon-Dioxide Elimination. 



153 



be for 24 hours of rest with the average amount of sleep, 6.735 ounces of 

 carbon (700.1 grams carbon dioxide), 7.845 ounces (815.5 grams carbon diox- 

 ide), 5.6 ounces (582.1 grams carbon dioxide), and 6.54 ounces (679.8 grams 

 carbon dioxide) with the 4 subjects, respectively. 



Using the great Pettenkofer respiration chamber in Munich, Ranke 1 deter- 

 mined the carbon-dioxide output of a man at rest, both with and without food 

 (table 62). The body-weight of the subject varied somewhat with the time 

 of year. 



Table 62. Carbon-dioxide elimination of subject in 

 experiments reported by Ranke. 



Weight. 



Kilos. 



72. 6S 

 73.85 

 72.87 

 71.79 

 72.57 

 72. S5 

 74.22 



Food. 



Unknown diet 



Regular diet 



Fasting 



...Do 



Diet without protein. 

 1832 grams of meat... 

 Very large diet 



Carbon 



dioxide in 



24 hours. 



Grams. 

 791.1 

 759.5 

 662.9 

 663.5 

 735.2 

 S47.5 

 925.6 



Using the same apparatus, Pettenkofer and Voit report in their memoir 2 

 the results of a number of experiments with men at rest inside the chamber. 

 The results are as follows : 



Two experiments were made on fasting subjects, during which time the sub- 

 ject gave off 738 and 695 grams of carbon dioxide in 24 hours. Three experi- 

 ments were made with an average diet, during which time the total carbon- 

 dioxide exhalation was 912, 943, and 930 grams, respectively. Two were 

 made with a high-protein diet, during which time the carbon-dioxide excretion 

 was 1003 and 1038 grams, respectively, and one with a protein-free diet in 

 which 839 grams of carbon dioxide were exhaled in 24 hours. In a second 

 experiment with a protein-free diet, 522 grams of carbon dioxide were exhaled 

 in the 12 hours of the day, as compared with 508 grams in the preceding experi- 

 ment in the same period of time and under like dietetic conditions. When the 

 same diet was given morning and night, the total carbon-dioxide excretion was 

 932 grams. With another subject on an ordinary diet, the total exhalation of 

 carbon dioxide was 695 grams in 24 hours. In one experiment without food, 

 which continued only during the 12 hours of the night, the carbon-dioxide 

 excretion was 360 grams. 



Working in Voit's laboratory, Lossen 3 used an apparatus for studying the 

 carbon-dioxide excretion with voluntary alterations of the depth and rapidity 

 of respiration. In this research, while the technique in the experiments with 

 the higher respiration-rate and deeper respirations are open to criticism, the 

 results with the ordinary respiration-rate (for this subject 15 per minute) are 



1 Ranke, Archiv f. Anat., Physiol, u. wiss. Med., 1862, p. 311. 

 - Pettenkofer and Voit, Zeitschr. f. Biol., 1866, 2, p. 546. 

 3 Lossen, Zeitschr. f. Biol., 1866, 2, p. 244. 



