Carbon-Dioxide Elimination. 157 



fasting experiment, he found 755 and 746 grams of carbon dioxide, respectively. 

 Another day following with food showed an output of 1098 grams of carbon 

 dioxide. In a 4-day fasting experiment he found carbon dioxide on the suc- 

 cessive days amounting to 810, 795, 620, and 613 grams, respectively. In 

 1 day with food following fast, 846 grams were found, and on 3 other days, 

 when large amounts of starch and sugar were given, he found 970, 1058, and 

 899 grams of carbon dioxide, respectively. The body-weight of the subject 

 varied from 75 to 80 kilos. 



A few years later, Likbatscheff, 1 using the same apparatus, made a series of 

 experiments, 6 in all, on 2 subjects. The carbon-dioxide production for 24 

 hours with 1 subject, 24 years of age, and weighing 57 kilos, was 596 grams 

 on a fasting day, and 729 and 700 grams on days with ordinary diet, and 827 

 grams on a day with a very large diet. During this day likewise the subject 

 was much more muscularly active, as he was weighed every 2 hours during the 

 day and every 4 hours during the night, thus accounting for the larger carbon- 

 dioxide excretion. With a second subject, who was likewise 24 years of age, 

 but who weighed 66 kilos, 2 days with ordinary diet showed a carbon-dioxide 

 production amounting to 867 grams and 831 grams, respectively. In an ex- 

 periment with a woman patient, 17 years (50 kilos), and having malarial 

 fever, Likhatscheff and Avroroff, 2 making observations on the day " without 

 fever," found that the carbon-dioxide excretion averaged for 22 hours 23.3 

 grams per hour. The minimum was from 1 a. m. to 3 a. m., 18 grams per hour, 

 and the maximum was 26.5 grams per hour between 7 p. m. and lip. m., at the 

 beginning of the experiment. For the greater part of the time when awake, the 

 subject exhaled with considerable regularity an average of 25 grams per hour. 

 When asleep this fell on the average to somewhat less than 20 grams per hour. 



Laves, 3 using the Hoppe-Seyler respiration apparatus for man, made 7 experi- 

 ments on a healthy man weighing about 66 kilos, and found the carbon-dioxide 

 excretion computed on the 24-hour basis to be 719.8, 599.1, 625.2, 587.3, 673.7, 

 675.7, 581.4 grams, respectively. The author makes no comments on the lack of 

 agreement in these results, and the only information with regard to the diet is 

 the statement that in the second and third experiments, the proportion of bread 

 in the ration as compared with that of meat was somewhat increased. 



Sclmyder, 4 using the apparatus in Kronecker's laboratory, in which the total 

 amount of carbon dioxide was absorbed by soda-lime, found with a healthy 

 quarryman, 22 years of age and weighing about 64 kilos, that in 2 experi- 

 ments, 1 month apart, he excreted at the rate of 54 and 53 grams per hour, 

 respectively, while standing quietly in the laboratory. 



1 Likhatscheff, Production of heat by healthy man in the condition of comparative 

 rest. Dissertation (Russian), St. Petersburg, 1893. 



2 Likhatscheff and Avroroff, Reports of the Imperial Military Medical Academy, 

 St. Petersburg, 1902, 5. 



3 Laves, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chemie, 1894, 19, p. 590. 

 1 Schnyder, Zeitschr. f. Biol., 1896, 33, p. 289. 



