TABLE OF CONTENTS. ix 



(b.) PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



The Mean Height of Europe above the Sea Level, 251 ; Decrease of Water 

 in European Rivers in the Present Century, 255 ; Physical Peculiarities of 

 the Upper Volga, 255 ; Physical Character of Rodriguez, 256. 



(C.) EXPLORATIONS, (cxv) 



The Arctic Regions; the Ocean and its Depths (see Summary, p. cxviii). 



North America : Report of a Reconnaissance of Northwestern Wyoming, 

 249 ; Topography of Michigan, 257 ; the Saranac Exploring Expedition, 

 260; Explorations under Dr. Hayden in 1875, 263; Explorations under 

 Major Powell in 1875, 286; Explorations and Surveys under Lieutenant 

 George M.Wheeler, U. S. Army, in 1875, 293; Major Powell's Final Report, 

 298 ; Northern Boundary Surveys, 300 ; Source of the Hudson, 301. 



Asia : Fritsche's Travels in China, 297. Africa (see Summary, p.cxxix). 

 Australia and Polynesia : Experiences of the " Basilisk " in New Guin- 

 ea, 256 ; Mr. Forrest's Exploration of Australia, 257. 



G. GENERAL NATURAL HISTORY AND ZOOLOGY (clxxvii) 305 



(a.) ZOOLOGY IN GENERAL. 



General : Origin of Animal Forms, 305 ; Living Animals Corresponding 

 to those of Prehistoric Ages, 308 ; Antiquity of the Caverns and Cavern 

 Life of the Ohio Yalley, 309 ; Discovery of Animal Remains in the Lignite 

 Beds of the Saskatchewan District, 311 ; Fauna of the Mammoth Cave, 

 313 ; Fossils in the Coal-measures of Ohio, 308 ; Vertebrates found in the 

 Deposits of the Eocene Lake in New Mexico, 322 ; Extinct Animals in 

 Rodriguez, 353; Another Link Connecting Birds and Reptiles, 357. 

 Taxidermy: New Mode of Embalming, 310; Restoring the Red Color of 

 Alcoholic Preparations, 312. 



(b.) FAUNAS. 



Fauna of the Caspian, 351. 



(C.) ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 



The Skeleton : The Agency of Atmospheric Pressure in Causing the Union 

 of the Joints of the Human Body, 314. The Nervous System : The Func- 

 tions of certain Canals in the Ear of Man and the Mammalia, 311 ; Leucithine 

 and Cerebrine, 316 ; Change of Color in the Chameleon, 353 ; Influence of 

 Temperature on Nervous Sensibility, 355 ; Comparatively Small Brain in 

 Extinct Animals, 356. The Digestive, Secretive, and Respiratory Sys- 

 tems : The Intestinal Secretions, 310; Acid of the Gastric Juice, 315; Re- 

 searches on the Secretion of Honey, 316; New Substance in Urine, 

 320 ; on the Evaporation from the Human Skin, 321 ; Wind Pressures 

 in the Human Chest, 317. The Circulation : Gases in the Coagulation 

 of the Blood, 317; the Diameter of the Red Globules of Blood, 318; the 

 Gases of the Blood, 318 ; the Pigment Scales of the Blood, 319. Em- 

 bryology : The Cell-structure of Organic Tissues, 306 ; Electric Currents 

 and the Fertilized Eggs of Frogs, 316 ; is Sex Distinguishable in Egg- 

 shells ? 320 ; Sex in the Embryo, 358. General : Influence of the Roots 

 of Living Vegetables upon Putrefaction, 307 ; the Physiological Action of 

 Light, 315. 



