INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS DURING THE YEAR 1875. cxcvii 



the larvae which hibernate at the third moult may be re- 

 tarded so that their butterflies shall emerge contempora- 

 neously with those which proceed from the larvae that hi- 

 bernate as soon as they leave the egg. The case is par- 

 allel with that of ' Phyciodes nycteis, and with that of Apatura 

 celtis, both double-brooded species, and both disclosing larvae 

 from the summer brood which hibernate when half grown, 

 while a part of the brood go on to chrysalis and give the fall 

 brood of butterflies, these again producing larvae which also 

 hibernate. (In both the last hibernation begins after the larva 

 is half grown i. e., after the third moult in nycteis, and after 

 the second in celtis.) Mr. Edwards claims that Mr. Scudder 

 has made a hypothetical case which is precisely the actual case 

 that he (Edwards) has above indicated. Scudder's example 

 is as follows, to use his own words: "Should the season be 

 so long that the second brood coidd lay eggs, the caterpillars 

 would then be forced to hibernate as those of the aestival 

 series, and become members of that series the next year. 

 Thus the vernal series would continually feed the aestival." 

 Moreover, in no species do the several preparatory stages of 

 its members run even. On the contrary, in any, whether 

 single or double brooded, there will be found by different 

 females eggs freshly laid, eggs ready to hatch, young larvae 

 and mature larvae, all at the same time. By this means 

 there is kept up for a long period, often for weeks, a suc- 

 cession of newly emerged butterflies of the same brood, and 

 the newer and older are constantly mating. On one day 

 in September of last year he cut a branch of wild senna 

 (Cassia), on which at the moment were newly laid eggs of 

 Terias nicippe, larvae in every stage of growth, and a but- 

 terfly of the same species just emerged, and still resting on 

 the empty shell of its chrysalis. 



Our knowledge of the transformations of the Lepidoptera 

 has been increased by an illustrated account by Mr. Scudder 

 of the life-history of Eumceus atala, a butterfly which feeds 

 on the Zamia in Florida. Several Limacodes larvae are de- 

 scribed by Mr. Wetherby, and other larvae are described in 

 the Canadian Entomologist, and by Mr. Henry Edwards in 

 the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 



An interesting contribution to our knowledge of the in- 

 sect fauna of islands is afforded by the Rev. A. E. Eaton's 



