CCxii GENERAL SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND 



probably only a sterile form of the fungus found on the 

 orange-trees. A similar disease also attacks the guava. The 

 disease of the olives has been known for a Ions* time in the 

 south of France, but no remedy lias been proposed. The 

 disease of the orange is known to occur in several tropical 

 countries. 



Male and Female Organs in Agarics. Almost simultaneous- 

 ly, the discovery of antheridia and carpogonia in species of 

 Coprinus, a kind of toadstool growing on dung, has been an- 

 nounced by Professor Max Rees in his inaugural address at 

 Erlangen, and by Professor P. Van Tieghem in the Comptes 

 Rendus ; and farther details have been given by E. Eidam 

 in the Botanische Zeitimg. Some of the spores of Coprinus 

 germinate and produce tufts of antheridia, while others bear 

 round cells with a slight projecting point, which are the car- 

 pogonia. The contact of the antherozoids with the carpogo- 

 nia causes a change in the latter, which grow up into the 

 visible stem and pileus of the Coprinus. This recalls the 

 process of fertilization in the Ascomycetes. 



Red Snow Plant. The red snow plant (Hcematococcus, or 

 Protococcus nivalis) has been shown in a paper by Dr. 

 Joseph Rostafinsky, published in the Memoirs of the Acade- 

 my of Sciences of Cherbourg, to be identical with the com- 

 mon Ha&matococcus pluvialis, and the name applied by him 

 to both is Hcematococcus lacustris. The plant is propagated 

 by zoospores, of which there are two kinds ; but, in spite of 

 the opinion of Velter, there is no copulation of zoospores in 

 this case. The amount of cold which the zoospores of this 

 plant will endure without apparent injury is something ex- 

 traordinary. They have been known to be frozen solid, and 

 yet recover on melting of the ice about them. 



Effects of the same Temperature upon Plants of Different 

 Latitudes. It having been asserted that vegetation is more 

 promptly acted upon by the rise of temperature in spring 

 in higher than in lower latitudes, M. Alphonse de Candolle 

 reported in the Comptes Rendus some experiments on the 

 subject. Seeds of three or four different annuals were sent 

 from Northern and Southern Europe to Geneva. In one of 

 the species the northern seed developed first. Again, branch- 

 es of poplar, tulip-tree, and catalpa were sent from Montpel- 

 lier to Geneva, and paired with similar branches taken from 



