INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS DURING THE YEAR 1875. ccxvii 



and have never been found united with any hyphae. Such 

 a supposition is, of course, entirely out of the question. 



Copulation of Zoospores. Professor J. E. Areschoug, of Up- 

 sala, has observed the conjugation of zoospores in Dictyosi- 

 phon hippuroides, Lyngb. This is the first member of the 

 large group of Phaeosporae, which includes such large plants 

 as the devil's apron of the east coast and the great kelp of 

 California, as well as a multitude of minute filamentous spe- 

 cies in which any sexual process has been discovered. Pro- 

 fessors Areschoug, Pringsheim, and others, have already re- 

 ported several cases of conjugation of zoospores in the Zoo- 

 spore, which resemble the Phseosporae as far as their zoospores 

 are concerned. 



Marine Algse of the United States. Dr. E. Palmer has made 

 some interesting additions to the United States marine flora 

 during his stay at Key West. He found growing abundant- 

 ly Sargassum dentifoHum, previously known only in the Red 

 Sea, and therefore not to be looked for in the United States ; 

 also a single specimen of a Polyphysa, an Australian genus. 

 At Nassau he found Cystoseira myrica, also of the Red Sea, 

 the first member of the genus reported on the east coast of 

 North America. Dr. Palmer has also made collections of 

 rare and interesting plants on the island of Guadalupe, off 

 the west coast. Sargassum piluliferum, of the coast of Japan, 

 was found by him there. Nearly all the species recently 

 added to the California marine flora have been species occur- 

 ring in Chili and the southwestern coast of South America, 

 with a few species common to the Cape of Good Hope and to 

 Spain and Portugal. The latest collections seem to indicate 

 a great uniformity of species of the west coast of America 

 from Vancouver's Island to Patagonia, branching off into 

 distinct arctic and antarctic floras. 



New Classification of Thallogens. In the fourth edition of 

 Sachs's " Lehrbuch der Botanik" a new classification of Thal- 

 logens is given, which, with some modifications, is likely to 

 be generally adopted at no very distant date. The division 

 of Thallogens into lichens, fungi, and algae has been the basis 

 of all works on cryptogamic botany for many years. The 

 distinctions between these three groups are as follows : Algae 

 contain chlorophyl, grow in water or very wet places, and are 

 epiphytic, never parasitic ; fungi are without chlorophyl, grow 



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