E. MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY. 237 



Southern Appalachians, which throw much light upon the 

 probable age of the crystalline rocks of that region. It has 

 long been the tendency of geologists to regard the meta- 

 morphic crystalline rocks of the Atlantic coast as certainly 

 pre-Silurian. This has, however, been called in question by 

 the observations of Professor Dana, which go to prove that 

 the limestones and accompanying schists and quartzites of 

 Western New England are all Silurian, and not Huronian nor 

 Laurentian. Professor Bradley now claims the same for the 

 region he has investigated, that is, the western portion of 

 North Carolina, the eastern part of Tennessee, and much of 

 Georgia and Alabama. The evidence upon which the con- 

 clusion is based is stratigraphical, and must be studied in 

 detail to be fully understood. The time at which the uplift 

 and metamorphism of this region took place is considered by 

 Professor Bradley to have been post-carboniferous, and it is 

 probably referable to the close of the paleozoic. 



DISCOVEEY OF A BED OF NICKEL IN NORWAY. 



It is announced that a very rich bed of nickel has been re- 

 cently discovered in the forest of Glorud, in Norway. The 

 ore proves to contain 3.59 per cent, of pure metal, an ex- 

 ceptionally large proportion. 13 A, September 4, 1874, 263. 



MAGNETIC SAND IN LABEADOR. 



It is stated that, within a few years past, large quantities 

 of magnetic iron ore, in sand, have been discovered on the 

 north coast of Labrador, and that Mr. Lamothe, of Montreal, 

 has more recently been engaged in bringing this to public 

 notice. A company was formed, and forges were built at 

 Moisie, which are now in operation, since when other locali- 

 ties have been determined along the north shore, especially at 

 Matashquan, Kegashka, St. John River, and St. Marguerite. 

 Several attempts have been made to purify this sand in a 

 rapid and economical manner, and to make steel from the 

 ore by a direct process, and these problems have now been 

 solved by Professor Larne and Mr. Kizer, of Montreal. An 

 establishment has also been erected at Block Point, between 

 St. John River and Mingan, for the preparation of the sand 

 and its exportation to Swansea. It contains, in the rough 

 state, 30 per cent, of the magnetic iron, and when prepared 



