240 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



marshes always colored by the remains of animals and plants. 

 As we go southward from Boston we gradually pass to an 

 area of increased table drift of indistinct stratification, and 

 corresponding to the first of the preceding five geological 

 epochs. At Portland we have decided evidence to show that 

 the depression of the glacier period was 150 feet, or doable 

 that of Boston. East of Portland, and covering the country 

 as far as New Brunswick, we have proof of the existence of 

 a set of local glaciers covering the shore, and continuing* un- 

 til the final re-elevation of the land to near its present level. 

 In some remarks upon the origin of the glacier epoch, Pro- 

 fessor Shaler has recourse to the theory that our sun is a 

 variable star. 3lem. Bost. JYcit. Hist. Soc, II., 1874, 321. 



NEW MINING REGION IN NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA. 



The Engineering and Mining Journal quotes from a New 

 Mexican paper an account of a very rich and extensive cop- 

 per region lately opened in New Mexico and Arizona, in the 

 vicinity of the White Mountain Indian Reservation, which 

 from its importance seems likely to eclipse all other mining 

 portions of the Southwest. This results partly from the 

 great amount of ore of unsurpassed richness, and partly from 

 the simple method by which the metal may be reduced. In 

 the region referred to one solid wall of copper ore has been 

 exposed for a distance of 250 feet, and from 10 to 15 feet 

 in height, and of enormous width, yielding 70 per cent, of 

 pure copper. Still larger veins have been found in the neigh- 

 borhood. 17 D, December 12, 1874, 371. 



PETROLEUM SPRINGS IN NORTH GERMANY. 



Petroleum springs have lately been discovered in consider- 

 able quantity on the Liineburg Heaths, in Northern Germany. 

 The oil, in clearness, purity, and specific weight, is said to be 

 identical with the American rock-oils, and it is almost with- 

 out smell of any kind. 13 A, November 14, 1874, 532. 



COAL-MINES IN RUSSIA. 



Extensive coal-mines have been discovered in the Jekate- 

 rinoslaw district, in the lands of the Don Cossacks of Russia. 

 These lie at a depth of about 200 feet, and the yield is so 

 abundant that many thousands of tons have been shipped 



