F. GEOGRAPHY. 283 



terestiug: and extensive ruin was found, which was so well 

 preserved that it seemed to have been vacated less than a 

 score of years, and so near like the workmanship and manner 

 of building of the present Moquis that it would not be diffi- 

 cult to imagine them lurking among the deserted rooms. 

 This ruin was situated in a long cave-like bench, or mesa, 

 running along the face of a perpendicular bluff, some fifty 

 feet above its base, and has a total length of nearly 300 yards. 

 The town was irregularly but compactly built, conforming 

 to the rock upon which it is placed, the rooms arranged 

 in a single row most of the way, but at either end bunching 

 up to two or three deep. A ground-plan shows seventy-five 

 rooms, with many little irregular " cubby-holes," with a total 

 length of 548 feet. A few yards farther to the right are half 

 a dozen detached buildings. Cisterns and reservoirs yet re- 

 main perfect enough to show their purpose. In the centre of 

 the mass was a well-preserved circular apartment, a little be- 

 low the general level of the others, that was probably an es- 

 tufa. The great corrals were inside, between the houses 

 and the bluff. Digging beneath the debris, several pieces of 

 finely preserved pottery were found, the same finely orna- 

 mented and glazed ware of which the fragments are so uni- 

 versally scattered over the whole country. Beneath the 

 centre of the town there was found in one group some whole 

 jars, of about two gallons' capacity each, of the gray indent- 

 ed ware, but they were too fragile to transport upon pack- 

 mules. Besides the pottery, many stone implements and ar- 

 row-points, were unearthed. Another detour to the right, 

 this time over an elevated plateau of white sandstone, across 

 which were drifted great dunes of white sand, brought the 

 party to the famous, so called, diamond-fields of Arizona, 

 ,about which there was such an excitement in 1872. Linger- 

 ing on its bare, red plain, upon which the sun beat with 

 great intensity, only long enough to gather about a pint 

 of garnets, which were of excellent quality and very abun- 

 dant, camp was made at the foot of a side caiion which came 

 in from the west, and was known as the Caiion Bonito Chi- 

 quito. Another group of ruins occurred here, not in a large 

 town, but in scattered houses both up and down the De Chelly 

 and Bonito. A marked feature were great reservoirs, in which 

 there was, even now, abundant and excellent water. Two 



