286 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



purpose. The main western branch of the Montezuma con- 

 tains the greater number and more important ruins of all 

 the northern tributaries of the San Juan west of the Rio 

 Mancos. Water was found in a few pools near its head and 

 lower down, running along in a small stream a distance of 

 two or three miles, when it sank again. The bottoms are 

 rich, and the present Indians, Utes, who occupy the country, 

 raise good crops of corn without irrigation. 



The results of this trip was the collection of a large num- 

 ber of utensils, both modern and ancient, stone arrow and 

 spear points, knives and axes, photographs, especially illus- 

 trative of the most important ruins, and numerous sketches 

 of every thing of note, which will be brought out in detail 

 in the regular publications of the Survey. 



EXPLORATIONS UNDER MAJOR J. W. POWELL IN 1875. 



The work of the Second Division of the United States Geo- 

 logical and Geographical Survey of the Territories, under 

 the direction of Major J. W. Powell, has been in progress 

 continuously since 1868 (during the earlier years under other 

 titles), and prior to the present year an extensive region had 

 been explored and partially surveyed. A stage of the work 

 had been reached at which it was deemed best that a review 

 of the geology should be made, for the purpose of establish- 

 ing with greater accuracy the natural series of geological 

 formations of sedimentary origin distributed through the 

 fields of study already occupied, that the work of the sev- 

 eral observers might be properly correlated. A small party 

 was organized for this purpose, and led by Major Powell 

 himself. 



The main party under Professor A. H. Thompson, geog- 

 rapher of the Division, continued the work during the past 

 season in the territory of Utah over an area of nearly 10,000 

 square miles, stretching from the Henry Mountains on the 

 north to the Kaiparowits Plateau on the south, and from the 

 Colorado River on the east to the Aquarius Plateau on the 

 west. 



A system of triangles projected from the Gunnison base- 

 line has been connected with those made in earlier years 

 from the Kanab base-line. 



A primary hypsometric base -station was established at 



