G. GENERAL NATURAL HISTORY AND ZOOLOGY. 327 



blades are oblong triangular and oblong tongue -shaped, 

 acute, two or three inches in length, and so much resemble 

 many of the so-called lance and arrow heads in collections 

 that it becomes necessary to modify our views as to the lat- 

 ter articles. The handles are three to five inches long, and 

 a notch half an inch deep at one end receives the stone, which 

 is held in place by a tough pitch melted into the slit and 

 around the joint, sinew being sometimes wrapped round in 

 addition. 



PREHISTORIC REMAINS FOUND NEAR SCETAFFHAUSEN. 



A remarkable deposit of prehistoric remains has lately 

 been found in the cavern of Thaingen, in the Canton of 

 Schaffhausen, in Switzerland. Among the bones of animals 

 met with were those of the European fox, and, what is very 

 remarkable if true, those of the American fox {Vulpes fulviis), 

 as also of the wolf, the dog, the brown bear, the wild-cat, the 

 lion, the marmot, the European hare, the reindeer, the ibex, 

 the chamois, the deer, the bison, the primitive ox, the pig, the 

 horse, the elephant, the rhinoceros; and of birds, those of the 

 ptarmigan. 



There were also some very excellent carvings, upon bone, 

 of the horse, representing a species little different from our 

 own. Three distinct deposits were found in this cavern. 

 The lower or gray layer contains the bones of the elephant, 

 the hairy rhinoceros, the glutton, and the JBos priscus. The 

 two superior layers consisted of angular fragments and rolled 

 pebbles, with many bones. No remains of human industry 

 are found in the middle and lowest layers. 1 F^ October 15, 

 1874,159. 



ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE MAMMOTH CAVE. 



A new phase in the archaeology of the United States is 

 shown by the researches of Mr. Putnam in the caves of Ken- 

 tucky, as he has found that many of the caverns there were 

 used for burial, as in Europe, and that others were used for 

 habitations. Many relics and skeletons have been brought 

 to light by his investigations, and further research, which 

 will be carried on next year in connection with the geolog- 

 ical survey of the state, will undoubtedly add much of im- 

 portance to the archaeology of our country. Enough evi- 



