536 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



phor-bronze, now announces the additional discovery that 

 when phosphor-bronze is combined with a certain fixed pro- 

 porlion of lead, the phosphorized triple alloy, when cast into 

 a bar or bearing, segregates into two distinct alloys, one of 

 which is hard and tough phosphor-bronze, containing but 

 little lead, and the other a much softer alloy, consisting 

 chiefly of lead, with a small proportion of tin and traces of 

 copper. The latter alloy is almost white, and, when the 

 casting is fractured, it will be found nearly equally diffused 

 through it; the phosphor-bronze alloy forming as it were a 

 species of metallic sponge, all of whose cavities are occupied 

 by the soft metal alloy segregated from it. This phenome- 

 non of the segregation into two or more alloys, of combina- 

 tions of copper with tin and zinc, has long been known, and 

 from the fact that such separation is generally massive, and 

 not equable throughout the mass, it has been a source of 

 great annoyance to the founder. Dr. Kunzel, however, seems 

 to have succeeded in causing the segregation to take j)lace 

 in uniform distribution throughout the casting, and has taken 

 advantage of the properties of the product which he obtains 

 in this manner to construct therefrom bearings of railway 

 and other machinery. 



In heavy bearings, such as those for marine engines, the 

 valuable properties of Babbitt metal, and similar anti-friction 

 alloys, are well recognized ; but these being generally soft, 

 are open to the grave objection that where they are subject- 

 ed to considerable pressure, or even moderate pressure ac- 

 companied by continued vibration, they become distorted in 

 form, and then fail to sustain the journals in their proper 

 places. The device is, therefore, resorted to by the machin- 

 ist of casting a hollow cage of hard metal, of proper form, 

 for the intended bearing, the cavities of which he then fills 

 by casting into them the soft metal allo3^, which thus forms 

 the actual rubbing surface of the bearing:. The hard metal 

 cage supports the soft metal within, and prevents its distor- 

 tion or escape, save by surface abrasion. Dr. Kunzel claims 

 to effect the same result by the peculiar constitution of his 

 new phosphorized alloy for bearings. This forms its own 

 supporting cage, for the soft bearing metal, which, as alluded 

 to at the outset, separates from it in the progress of cooling. 

 He claims that these bearings combine the very small fric- 



