M. TECHNOLOGY. 549 



in making paper of an inferior quality. The interior fibres 

 have the name of so sort, with which the fine paper is made. 

 These are rolled into balls weighing about thirty-five pounds 

 each, which are washed anew in running water, in which they 

 are allowed to soak for a shorter time than on the previous 

 occasion, after which they are dried. Finally they are boil- 

 ed in lye made from the ashes of buckwheat flour, taking 

 care that the contents of the tubs are always kept in motion. 

 Another washing in pure water carries away the last im- 

 purities, and the fibres are then pounded with hammers of 

 wood for about twenty minutes. After this they are a sec- 

 ond time rolled into balls, and finally transformed into pulp. 

 The pulp being once obtained, rice-water is mixed with it, 

 and a small quantity of a liquid extract from the root of the 

 Hibiscus manihot, to preserve it from the attacks of insects. 

 The subsequent treatment of the pulp is identical with that 

 of the ordinary manufacture of paper. The leather-paper 

 is finally obtained by the superposition of many sheets of the 

 material, it being previously steeped a moment in an oily 

 extract from yonoko submitted to a strong pressure, and 

 covered with a glazing called sheilas. Garments are made 

 from a variety of this paper, designated under the name of 

 She fit, which is drawn out into finer or coarser threads 

 according to the quality of the tissue that is to be made. 

 These threads are twisted between the finders wet with lime- 

 water, and are finally either woven singly or mixed with silk. 

 13 i?, ILL, 322. 



NEW COLOES OF CROISSANT & BRETONNIERE. 



Great interest continues to be excited by the remarkable 

 character of the new colors invented by Messrs. Croissant & 

 Bretonniere, on account of their wonderful cheapness and 

 admirable qualities. They include nearly all the tints known 

 to the dyers (excepting red, blue, and green), with their 

 modifications. The cost is so triflinG; that a hundred-weight 

 of the dye, which will prove a substitute for logwood, costs 

 only about seven dollars, while an equivalent amount of ex- 

 tract of logwood costs as many pounds sterling. In perma- 

 nence, the new colors greatly outstrip those now in use. 

 They are not affected by light, oxalate of potash, nor even by 

 hot soda; in fact, by nothing but concentrated chlorine. 



