552 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE A^D INDUSTRY. 



to give a pure garnet-brown, free from the dirty bluish-red 

 tint of cerise and other substances substituted for archil, and 

 which, by combination with picric acid, turmeric, etc., can be 

 made to give any shade of brown. The brilliancy of the color 

 surpasses that of genuine archil. It is applicable to woolen, 

 cotton, silk, leather, and wooden articles, by use of difierent 

 mordants, and is practically cheaper than cerise, by reason of 

 low first cost, and absence of insoluble residue. Dr. Reimann 

 predicts for it a permanent place among dye-stuffs. 5 (7, 

 1872, xxxvii., 294. 



NEAV DYES. 



Reimann, in his color journal, Mirher-Zeitung^ makes men- 

 tion of several new colors invented by Schlumberger, of 

 Brussels. He calls attention to the fiict that this establish- 

 ment was the first to introduce xanthine, which has recently 

 come so much into vogue. It is especially applicable for color- 

 ing leather, for which it is greatly used. Other colors for 

 dyeing leather are wiiat he calls Russian red and pomegran- 

 ate red. Another color from the same house is known as 

 Tournay red. The latest invention is an alkaline blue, of 

 which a specimen is given in the journal referred to. 24 C, 

 1872, XXXIX., 306. 



ACTION OF APPLE-JUICE IN FIXING COLORS. 



A cotton-dyer and printer in Manchester claims to have 

 made the discovery that apple-juice has the valuable projD- 

 erty of perfectly fixing the colors of printed cotton fabrics. 

 21 C\ 1872, viL, 111. : 



ALUM IN MOEDANTING WOOLENS. 



According to Harvey, the successful use of alum for mor- 

 danting w^oolens depends npon the employment of a weak 

 solution and a small quantity of alum ; since, with a large 

 quantity, the alumina hydrate dej^osited in the fibres is re- 

 dissolved, and the woolen is not so easily nor so deeply color- 

 ed as when small quantities are employed. The amount of 

 alum recommended by Harvey is one tenth of that of the 

 woolen to be colored. Even after w^ashing the woolen with 

 weak nitric acid solution, to remove from the water any alkali 

 derived from the soap or lime, a decomposition of the alum 



