626 ANNUAL RECORD OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 



ases. The latter evidently contains wine, and the former 

 reminds one of seltzer water and milk.. Although doubt has 

 been expressed as to its transportability, it seems that it has 

 long been forwarded from the Steppes to the interior of Rus- 

 sia, and at present different manufactories send out large 

 quantities of milk-wine that will not deteriorate for several 

 months ; while Gross states that the Americans ship a milk- 

 wine prepared on their Western prairies to Eastern Siberia. 

 S C, SeptemUr 19, 1872, 313. 



PKEPAEATION OF KUMISS FEOM COXDENSED MILK. 



According to Carl Schwalke, this is accomplished by dis- 

 solvino; six cubic inches of (5ondensed milk in a little cold wa- 

 ter, to which add fifteen grains of lactic acid, eight grains of 

 citric acid dissolved in water, two hundred and twenty-five 

 grains of rum, and dilute with water to from one to two 

 quarts. Put the mixture in a Liebig's bottle, impregnate 

 with carbonic acid, and place it in a warm room. If in from 

 two to four days it is sparkling, and fermentation has com- 

 menced, it is in good condition, and will remain so for about 

 a week. 13 (7, September 15, 1872, 1236. 



ACTION OF THE BLOOD ON CHLOEAL. 



Personne has recently been endeavoring to ascertain wheth- 

 er, as Liebreich maintains, the hydrate of chloral is actually 

 transformed in the system so as to produce chloroform. Va- 

 rious opinions have been held on this point, some experi- 

 menters denying that the eftects observed could be referred 

 to chloroform, especially for the reason that there is no char- 

 acteristic odor of chloroform to be observed in the blood of 

 animals treated with chloral, even when drawn from the 

 veins and heated to almost 122'^ Fahr. The result of the ex- 



* 



periments was a decided confirmation of Liebreich's views, 

 as shown by certain delicate chemical tests ; and Personne 

 is of the opinion that, as the chloroform is at best but slight 

 in quantity, and its odor very feeble, this is masked by the 

 characteristic odor of the blood itself. 



The same investigator has discovered a combination of 

 chloral with alcohol, and has also suggested that there is a 

 very intimate connection between chloral and aldehyde, 

 showing that by substituting hydrogen for the chlorine in 



