G. GENERAL NATURAL HISTORY AND ZOOLOGY. 313 



gations undertaken by the order of Duke Ludwig, of Wiir- 

 temberg. The importance of this fragment, although figured 

 by Jiiger and Fraas, has only recently been recognized, and 

 it is brought prominently forward in the present work. 



The essential characters of this Canstadt race are especially 

 seen in the male sex namely, a remarkable flattening of the 

 cranial vault, accompanied by a very decided degree of doli- 

 chocephaly, or the backward projection of the posterior re- 

 gion of the cranium ; a develojjment, sometimes enormous, 

 of the frontal sinuses, and the very oblique direction of the 

 forehead, the depression of the parietals in their j)ostero-inter- 

 nal third, etc. These characteristics are very much reduced 

 in the female sex. Thus, the superciliary ridges disappear 

 almost entirely, the projection of the occipital is much less 

 marked, but the flattening of the cranial vault and some other 

 characters are persistent. The term dollcho- platycephalic 

 has been applied to this cranial type, so well marked in the 

 aggregate of its characters. 



The skulls from Canstadt, Enghisheim, Brux, Neanderthal, 

 and Denise are believed to belong to the male sex, while 

 those of Staengenaes, Olmo, and Clichy are considered as fe- 

 males. All of these are without the lowev jaw. Separate 

 lower jaws, believed to belong to the same race, are those of 

 Naulette, Arcy-sur-Cure, Clichy, and Goyet. The skull from 

 Forbes' Quarry, in Gibraltar, is thought to belong to the same 

 period, although this is not absolutely certain. Unfortunate- 

 ly this is the only perfect one of all that supposed age. It 

 exhibits a large, massive face, with very large orbits, the nos- 

 trils much distended, and the upper mandible extending de- 

 cidedly forward. 



The authors proceed to remark that this general type of 

 cranium is not confined to the geological period, but that it 

 is found in the dolmens, and in the tombs of the Middle 

 Ages, and that even in modern individuals such characteris- 

 tics have been noticed in Scotland, Ireland, England, Sj^ain, 

 France, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Austria, and Russia. 

 Xo illustrations of this type have been hitherto noticed from 

 the eastern borders of Europe to Australia, but in this latter 

 continent some of the tribes livinoc ii^ the neighborhood of 

 Port Western have a decided similarity a fact first pointed 

 out by Huxley, and justified by a careful comparison. 



O 



