6o 



VARIATION IN LEPTINOTARSA. 



this are designated according to the areas and segments thus : First segment, 

 / os, i ms, i is on the right side, and / os', i ms' , i is' on the left side ; 

 second segment, 2 os, 2 ?ns, 2 is, and 2 os 1 , 2 ms' , 2 ?V ; third segment, 3 os, 

 3 ms, 3 is, and 3 os' , 3 ms' , 3 is' . 



In the account of the special color characters use will be made of formulae to 

 represent given conditions. Thus the formula for the pronotum of text- fig. 1 

 would be f , c', d' . d ', b' , a': a, b, c, d -+- e, , where the sign plus indicates 



Fig. 1. 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 1. L. dectmlineatd. To show the areas of cuticula color which in this genus enter into the forma- 

 tion of the color pattern, i, eye ; g' , left anterior lateral epicranial spot ; h' , left posterior lateral 

 epicranial spot; a', left inner tergals (united); b' and d' , left middle tergals ; c and e, right outer 

 tergals ; /and /', spots arising from the division of the posterior half of the middle tergals : s. cos i 

 and s. cos 2, ou - er and inner subcostal stripes ; la. ramous stripe ; . medius stripe ; at + a, cubitus 

 and anal stripes fused. (The two last stripes were wanting in the specimen drawn, but their position 

 is indicated.) 



Fig. 2. L. dccemlincata. To show the elements of the color pattern formed by the cuticula pigment 

 on the ventral surface, especially on the abdominal surface, os, outer sternal areas; ms, middle 

 sternal areas : is, inner sternal areas. 



fusion of spots and the sign minus absence of spots ; while for text-fig. 2 

 the formula for the ventral abdominal surface is : 



5. os' -\- ms? -\- is 1 ; is + ms -f os. 

 General color characters : 



(a) Melanism, or the tendency to a dark color exhibited in relation 

 either to geographical distribution or to environmental changes. 

 {b) Albinism, or the tendency opposite to melanism. 



(c) Xanthism, or the racial tendency toward a yellowish condition. 



(d) Rufism, or a racial tendency toward a reddish condition. 



(<?) Metallicism, or a racial tendency toward a metallic coloration. 



