90 



28. Isochilina, sp. indt. 

 Trilobita. 



29. Ampyx, cf. A. normalis, Bill., and A. rostratus, Sars. 



30. Amphion ? sp. indt. 



31. Bathyurus, sp. No. 1. 



32. " sp. No. 2. 



33. Dolichometopus ? sp., or Symphysurus, sp. 



34. Remopleurides, sp. No. 1. (n. sp.) 



35. " sp. No 2. (n. sp.) 



36. Dalmanites callicephalus ? Green. 



37. Calymene tuberculata, ( = C. senaria), Conrad. 



38. Asaphus canalis, Conrad. 



39. " sp. cf. A. megistos, Locke. 



40. Ceraurus pleurexanthemus, Green. 



41. Phacops Brongniarti, Portlock. 



42. Microdiscus?? sp. indt. 



43. Trinucleus concentricus, Eaton. 



44. Trinucleus sp. indt probably n. sp. 



45. Illrenus, sp. 



Ottawa. August, 1894. 



SUGAR AND ITS MANUFACTURE. 



By Adolf Lehmann, U.S.A., late Asst. Chemist, Dominion Experimental Farms. 



The manufacture of sugar is an art which, like many others, has 

 come to us from the far East. Its beginning is somewhat obscure, but 

 probably it was first carried on, in a primitive and very limited way, by 

 some of the tribes or nations of India. It has since, with the succes- 

 sive strides of civilization, assumed greater and grander dimensions. 

 The Persians, Arabians and Spaniards, have in their turn been improv- 

 ing and extending cane-sugar manufacture. Other nations, notably the 

 English, and in former days the Italians, especially the Venetians, 

 have materially assisted in this work. 



In Persia, the industry was relatively at its height during the 

 eleventh century. At this time the product was especially prized as a 

 medicine ; in fact it was manufactured for this purpose until the 

 extended use of tea and coffee made its use more universal. Shortly 

 after the discovery of America, the industry was planted in the West 

 Indies. Soon these islands began to supply the principal portion o{ 



