20 



CONDUCTIVITY AND VISCOSITY IN MIXED SOLVENTS. 



Hydrogen is calculated to have an effect on molecular viscosity of 44.5, 

 carbon of 31, and iso-linkage, for example, of 21. The effect is shown in 

 table 3. 



TABLE 3. Molecular viscosity at slope 0.0000323. 



These investigators found both maxima and minima when working with 

 mixtures, and in the particular case of chloroform and ether they found a 

 point of inflection. They believe that the maximum value is caused by a 

 "feeble chemical combination or molecular aggregation, which is destroyed 

 by heat or dilution." 



It is to be expected that water and the alcohols would give abnormal 

 results, since Ramsay and Shields l have shown that these liquids are asso- 

 ciated. They are also abnormal in possessing a high dielectric constant. 2 

 Some of the characteristic properties of water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alco- 

 hol, and acetone are grouped together in table 4. 



TABLE 4. 



No such quantitative relation has been worked out for changes in viscosity 

 caused by salts brought into solution, and still less is known about the con- 

 ductivity which a given salt may be expected to give. Yet Bredig, 3 Wagner, 4 

 and Euler 5 have worked on this problem with considerable success. Wagner 

 found that the viscosity of a salt solution is an additive function of the metallic 

 and non-metallic radicals of the dissolved salt. For allied metals the viscosity 

 decreases as the atomic weight increases. The dissociated ions appear in 



'Ztschr. phys. Chem., 12, 433 (1893); 



16, 111 (1894). 

 Ibid., 14, 286 (1894). 



3 Ibid., 13, 243 (1894). 



4 Ibid., 6, 31 (1890). 



Ibid., 25, 536 (1898). 



