CAUSE OF THE MINIMUM. 



59 



120 



100 



-MS 



80 



CO 



40 -I 



20- 



IV 



at 



II at 



III at 



IV at 



100 



(2) The fact that the effect is more pronounced at a lower temperature 

 than at a higher. 



(3) The fact that rise in temperature (and in some cases increase in con- 

 centration) shifts the min- 

 imum towards a mixture 



containing a larger per 

 cent of alcohol. 



There is a close connec- 

 tion between the viscosity 

 or fluidity of a solvent and 

 the conductivity of electro- 

 lytes when dissolved in 

 that solvent. The greater 

 the fluidity, or the less 

 the viscosity, other things 

 being equal, the greater 

 is the conductivity. This 

 close relationship is shown 

 by the fact that for cer- 

 tain aqueous solutions the 

 temperature coefficients of 

 conductivity and of fluid- 

 ity are identical. The connection between conductivity and fluidity, or 

 viscosity, will be considered in detail in the concluding part of this section. 



The investigations of 

 Jones and Lindsay, Zelin- 

 at o sky and Krapiwin, and this 



II <t> at 10 



III <p at 20 



IV <P at 30 



investigation have had to 

 do with conductivities in 

 mixtures of solvents. Nu- 

 merous researches have 

 been made on the viscos- 

 ities of mixtures of liquids, 

 notably by Graham, 1 No- 

 ack, 2 Pagliani and Battelli, 3 

 and Traube. 4 All of these 

 workers have found that, 

 in the case of mixtures of 

 various alcohols and water, 



20 40 60 80 



Per cent CH a OH by Weight 

 FIG. 13. FLUIDITY OF METHYL ALCOHOL AND 

 WATER MIXTURES. 



120 



20 40 60 80 



Per cent C,H 5 OH by Weight 



FIG. 14. FLUIDITY OF ETHYL ALCOHOL AND 

 WATER MIXTURES. 



1 Lieb. Ann. 120, 90 (1861). 



3 Atti di R. Ac. delle Sc. d. Torino., 20, 607 (1885). 



4 Ber. d. chem. Gesell., 19, 871 (1889). 



2 Wied. Ann., 27, 289 (1886). 



