8 CONDUCTIVITY AND VISCOSITY IN MIXED SOLVENTS. 



mercuric iodide in methyl alcohol was measured by Cattaneo; 1 Schall 2 

 determined the conductivity of hydrochloric, picric, oxalic, and dichloracetic 

 acids in methyl alcohol; Kablukoff 3 also studied the conductivity of hydro- 

 chloric acid in methyl alcohol, and Kahlenberg and Lincoln 4 measured the 

 conductivity of ferric chloride and antimony trichloride in this solvent. 

 The most satisfactory work on the whole that has ever been done on the 

 conductivity of solutions in methyl alcohol is that of Zelinsky and Krapiwin. 5 

 Their work included a number of salts in pure methyl alcohol, as well as in a 

 mixture of this solvent and water, as we shall see later. They used in their 

 work potassium bromide and iodide, ammonium bromide and iodide, cadmium 

 iodide, tetramethylammonium bromide and iodide, tetraethylammonium 

 iodide, a number of the substituted amines and sulphines, diethyl- and tri- 

 ethyl-stannic iodides, "fumaroid" dimethylsuccinic acid, oxalic acid, iodic 

 acid, and trichloracetic acid. 



Jones 6 has applied his boiling-point apparatus to the determination of 

 the dissociation of salts in methyl alcohol. The salts used were: Potassium, 

 sodium, and ammonium bromides; potassium, sodium, and ammonium 

 iodides ; potassium and sodium acetates, and calcium nitrate. The dissocia- 

 tion in methyl alcohol, as found by the boiling-point method, is about two- 

 thirds of that in water under the same conditions. 



ETHYL ALCOHOL. 



A considerable amount of work has also been done in ethyl alcohol. The 

 conductivity of the following substances has been determined by Fitz- 

 patrick : 7 Calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, lithium chloride, lithium nitrate, 

 mercuric, magnesium, and ferric chlorides. Hartwig 8 has determined the 

 conductivity of formic, acetic, and butyric acids in alcohol. Vicentini 8 

 worked on the chlorides of ammonium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, cad- 

 mium, zinc, and copper. Cattaneo 10 has studied the conductivities of ferrous, 

 ferric, and mercuric chlorides, and cadmium bromide and iodide. He 

 found that these substances have a negative temperature coefficient of con- 

 ductivity. Vollmer used a larger number of salts in ethyl alcohol than he 

 did in water." These were potassium and sodium iodides, potassium and 

 sodium acetates, sodium, lithium, and calcium chlorides, and calcium and 

 silver nitrates. Kawalki, 12 by a comparison of the rates of diffusion of a 

 series of salts in water and in ethyl alcohol, showed that the rates of diffusion 



1 Rend. R. Ace. Line. Roma (1895). 8 Wicd. Ann., 33, 58 (1888); 43, 838 

 2 Ztschr. phys. Chcm., 14, 701 (1894). (1891). 



3 Ibid., 4, 429 (1889). Biebl. Wied. Ann., 9, 131 (1885). 



4 Journ. Phys. Chem., 3, 26 (1899). 10 Ibid., 18, 219, 365 (1894). 

 6 Ztschr. phys. Chem., 21, 35 (1896). ll Wied. Ann., 62, 328 (1894). 

 8 Ibid., 31, 114 (1899). 12 Ibid., 62, 324 (1894). 



7 Phil. Mag., 24, 378 (1887). 



