12 CONDUCTIVITY AND VISCOSITY IN MIXED SOLVENTS. 



Dutoit and Friderich l to solutions in acetonitrile and butyronitrile. It was 

 shown that the dissociating power is greater in the first members of the nitriles, 

 but in no case do they at all approach the dissociating power of liquid hydro- 

 cyanic acid as determined by the recent work of Centnerszwer. 2 

 Centnerszwer 3 has also shown that liquid cyanogen is a non-dissociant. 



PYRIDINE. 



Werner * found that certain inorganic salts, when dissolved in pyridine, 

 conduct the current very well, but show very little or no dissociation by the 

 boiling-point method. It is, however, to the work of St. v. Lasczynski and 

 St. v. Gorski 5 that we owe what knowledge we have of the dissociating power 

 of pyridine. They measured the conductivity of lithium chloride, potassium, 

 sodium, and ammonium iodides, and potassium, sodium, and ammonium 

 sulphocyanates in pyridine, over a wide range of dilutions. 



OTHER ORGANIC SOLVENTS. 



Such a few measurements have been made in other organic solvents that 

 they can be passed over with brief reference. Thus, Werner 6 found that cuprous 

 chloride in ethyl sulphide conducts very poorly. Cattaneo 7 studied a few 

 solutions in glycerol, and found that they had a larger conductivity than the 

 corresponding solutions in ether. They also had larger temperature coefficients 

 of conductivity. Dutoit and Aston 8 measured the conductivities of electrolytes 

 in benzene chloride, ethyl bromide, and amyl acetate, and found that these 

 solutions conduct very poorly. They found, on the other hand, that solu- 

 tions in nitroethane conduct very well. Dutoit and Friderich 9 worked with 

 acetophenone as a solvent, and with cadmium iodide, mercuric chloride, and 

 ammonium sulphocyanate as electrolytes. The conductivity in this solvent 

 was very small. 



Four other solvents have thus far been employed; namely, ethyl acetate, 

 benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, and nitrobenzene. This work was done 

 by Kahlenberg and Lincoln. 10 As electrolytes they used ferric and stannous 

 chlorides, bismuth trichloride, and antimony trichloride. The conductivi- 

 ties in these solvents are in general small, but vary considerably with the 

 nature of the electrolyte used. 



The most recent work in organic solvents is that of Walden. 11 Five large 

 pieces of work, yielding important and interesting results, have recently 

 been published. A large number of types of organic compounds have been 



1 Bull. Soc. Chim., [3] 19, 321 (1898). 8 Compt. rend., 125, 240 (1897). 



2 Ztschr. phys. Chera., 39, 217 (1902). "Bull. Soc. Chim., [3] 19, 325 (1898). 



3 Loc. cit. 10 Journ. Phys. Chem., 3, 12 (1899). 



'Ztschr. anorg. Chem. ,15, 1, 39 (1897). ll Ztschr. phys. Chem., 46, 103 (1903); 54, 



'Ztschr. Elektrochem.,4,290(1897). 129 (1906); 55, 207 (1906); 55, 281 



Ztschr. anorg. Chem. ,15, 1, 139(1897). (1906); 55, 682 (1906); 58, 479 (1907); 



7 Beibl. Wied. Ann., 17, 365 (1893). 59, 192 (1907). 



