96 



Land Magnetic Observations, 1911-13 



from America to China, has been over 26,000 miles, of which about 11,000 miles have been 

 involved in journeys from Canton to the local fields and return, and about 15,000 miles 

 actually in the field, comprising 11,430 in China, 2,440 in French Indo-China, and 1,054 

 in Siam. The total cost of the field work thus far accomplished, exclusive of the observer's 

 salary, but including some of the travel from and to America, has been about $5,335. 

 Throughout all the expeditions the instruments were carried by coolies, except where the 

 traveling was by boat or rail. Further details with reference to each expedition will be 

 found below. 



EXPEDITION I. HAINAN, JANUARY AND FEBRUARY 1906. 



Having secured, through the courtesy of Dr. Wm. S. Doberck, the loan of the Hong- 

 kong Observatory's magnetic equipment, I left Canton on January 13, 1906, to devote my 

 winter vacation to securing magnetic observations in the island of Hainan, following the 

 directions embodied in the instructions of November 11, 1905. The equipment thus 

 obtained consisted of Kew magnetometer Elliott No. 55, Kew dip circle Dover No. 71, and 

 a separate ordinary surveyor's theodolite for the astronomical determinations of position 

 and azimuth. The Department of Terrestrial Magnetism supplied Hamilton watch No. 1 

 and chronometer Arnold and Dent No. 677, as also all the other accessories required for 

 field work. 



The Executive Council of the Canton Christian College extended my leave of absence 

 one month beyond the vacation period, and I was thus able, although unavoidably delayed 

 in starting, to complete the preliminary survey of Hainan as projected. After 5 days spent 

 in Hongkong in preliminary observations and arrangements for the expedition, I left by 

 French coasting-vessel on January 19 and reached Hoihow, the chief port of Hainan, on 

 January 22, having stopped en route at the French concession of Kwan-chau-wan, where 

 dip observations were secured. At Hoihow arrangements were made with Captain Roulet, 

 of the small French freighter steamship Hainam, to cruise along the west coast from 

 Hoihow to Leong Sui, making four stops en route. On January 30 I crossed the Hainan 

 Straits in a native junk to Cape Kami, the southernmost point on the mainland of China, 

 and here on February 2 the steamship Hainam picked me up. Inasmuch as my observa- 

 tions at Cape Kami were made in the vicinity of the lighthouse, the natives assumed that 

 my work had some connection with the Lighthouse Service, the benefits of which they could 

 readily appreciate, and this impression was of advantage throughout the rest of the expedi- 

 tion, in the course of which some districts were visited where white men were practically 

 unknown. According to the arrangement made with Captain Roulet, almost every day 

 was spent ashore observing, while the runs of the steamer were made by night. Only one 

 serious storm was encountered, in which, although the vessel went aground, the mishap 

 was not serious. I left the steamship Hainam at Leong Sui on February 9, and 2 days 

 later started on foot to skirt the eastern side of the island northward in return to Hoihow. 

 It was difficult to secure the necessary carriers because of Chinese New Year festivities, 

 during which everyone is idle, but 4 good carriers were at length secured, and with a 

 young interpreter, secured through the efforts of Dr. McCandliss of Hoihow, my party 

 was complete. Kachek was reached on February 14 and Hoihow on the 17th, whence 

 the return was made to Hongkong by a coasting vessel, and after 3 days spent in obser- 

 vations at the Hongkong Observatory and in computation of results, I reached Canton on 

 February 23, where further observations were made, and on March 4 the instruments were 

 returned in good order to the Hongkong Observatory. 



The following stations were occupied: 



1. Kwan-chau-wan, Kwangtung. 



2. Hoihow, Hainan. 



3. Cape Kami, Hainan. 



4. Hiongpo, Hainan. 



5. Yaichow, Hainan. 



6. Yalinkan, Hainan. 



7. Leong Sui, Hainan. 



8. Kachek, Hainan. 



9. Hongkong. 



10. Honglok, Kwangtung. 



