Observers' Field Reports 97 



The total time devoted to the field work of this expedition was 40 days, averaging 



4 days per station. The time spent in actual travel was but 16 days and the total distance 

 traversed was 1,780 miles, of which 1,295 miles were made on large steamers to and from 

 Hainan, 320 miles by small steamer along the coast of Hainan, 125 miles on foot, and 40 

 miles by small sailboat through Hainan. Within the actual region of Hainan, therefore, 

 the total travel was 485 miles, an average for the 7 stations of 69.3 miles per station. The 

 total expense, exclusive of the observer's salary, was $170.81, or an average of $17.08 per 

 station. 



Observations were made on 13 days and no interruption was suffered on account of 

 bad weather, except that on account of high winds and the small size of the observing tent, 

 in comparison with the large size of the Elliott magnetometer, full observations for hori- 

 zontal intensity could be secured at only 4 stations in Hainan. After my return to Canton, 



5 days during April and as much tune as could be spared from college duties through the 

 first half of May were devoted to computation of results and to putting the records in final 

 form for transmission to Washington. 



Director Doberck and First Assistant F. G. Figg, of the Hongkong Observatory, 

 rendered every assistance possible. Conmiissioner James Atcheson, of the Chinese Imperial 

 Maritime Customs at Hoihow, gave me the privilege of residence at the Hoihow and Cape 

 Kami lights, and Dr. McCandliss of Hoihow, and Messrs. Oilman and Lassell of Kacheck, 

 missionaries of the American Presbyterian Board, rendered valuable assistance, as did also 

 His British Majesty's Consul Hughes, at Hoihow, who secured from the taotai of the 

 island a traveler's certificate and letter of introduction to local officials. Everywhere I was 

 most kindly received by both the officials and the people and in no case encountered any 

 serious interference with my work. 



Hainan had been hitherto practically unknown magnetically. The results obtained 

 show that the Earth's magnetic field at stations fairly well distributed around the whole 

 coast is in general accord with that prevailing on the nearby mainland. 



EXPEDITION II. CHINA COAST FROM HONGKONG TO SHANGHAI AND LOWER YANGTSE VALLEY, 



JUNE TO SEPTEMBER 1906. 



This expedition, along the central China coast between Hongkong and Shanghai and 

 in the Delta of the Yangtse, was undertaken according to instructions dated November 11, 

 1905, and June 4, 1906. The instrumental equipment was generously loaned by the Zika- 

 wei Observatory through the good offices of the Reverend J. de Moidrey, S. J. The 

 theodolite-magnetometer was of the Mascart type Chasselon No. 24 and the dip circle 

 was Mascart-Chasselon No. 20. These instruments were received on May 7 and on May 

 19 to 21 were compared at the Hongkong Observatory with the instruments used in Expe- 

 dition I. The timepieces carried were the same as in Expedition I, as were also the neces- 

 sary field accessories. Besides the comparison observations made at Hongkong in May, 



2 days were also spent in preliminary observations at Honglok (Canton) in the latter part 

 of June, within which month 9 days were also spent in computing the results of the Hong- 

 kong comparisons and in making the necessary arrangements for the expedition. 



I left Canton on June 26 and, after several days delay in Hongkong owing to the 

 coasting-vessel repeatedly postponing its saiUng, I left Hongkong on July 1 for Swatow. 

 Throughout the enth-e expedition I was accompanied by Mr. Chiu Shing, a student of the 

 Canton Christian College, who acted as interpreter and recorder. We journeyed northward 

 by means of local coasting- vessels, making in all 6 stations between Hongkong and Shanghai, 



3 of which were reached by separate side trips from the major ports of Swatow, Amoj'^, and 

 Foochow. Shanghai was reached on July 28, where, after a conference with the acting 

 coast inspector and the director of the Observatory at Zikawei, we embarked on a Yangtse 

 steamer and proceeded to Chinkiang, and thence by launch to Yangchow and back. After 

 reoccupying the station at Chinkiang, we returned to Shanghai by river steamer and 



